♪♪ >>> COMING UP, FRED DE SAM LAZARO ON CHINA'S POLLUTION.
SHOULD CHINA'S CUSTOMERS SUCH AS THE U.S. HELP PAY FOR ITS CLEANUP?
>>> AND KIM LAWTON LOOKS AT NATIVE AMERICAN CATHOLICS AND THEIR DEVOTION TO ST. KATERI, THE CHURCH'S FIRST NATIVE AMERICAN SAINT.
>> WELCOME.
I'M BOB ABERNATHY, IT'S GOOD TO HAVE YOU WITH US.
>>> ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER BENJAMIN NETANYAHU WAS IN WASHINGTON THIS PAST WEEK FOR DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE STALLED MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE U.S. AND ISRAEL.
AT THE WHITE HOUSE NETANYAHU SAID HE'S NOT GIVEN UP HOPE FOR PEACE.
HE ALSO APPEARED BEFORE THOUSANDS AT THE JEWISH FEDERATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
HE URGED U.S. JEWS TO PUT ASIDE THEIR DIVISIONS OVER THE IRAN DEAL AND UNITE IN STRONG SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL.
NETANYAHU ALSO TOLD THE GROUP HIS GOVERNMENT WOULD WORK HARDER TO ENSURE THAT THE REFORM AND CONSERVATIVE BRANCHES OF JUDAISM HAVE MORE RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE INSIDE ISRAEL.
CURRENTLY THE ORTHODOX DOMINATE RELIGIOUS LIFE THERE.
>>> POPE FRANCIS CONTINUES TO INSIST ON REFORMS IN THE VATICAN BUREAUCRACY DESPITE THE RELEASE OF TWO BOOKS BASED ON LEAKED DOCUMENTS THAT DETAIL THE UPHILL BATTLE HE FACES IN DOING THAT.
THE ITALIAN JOURNALIST RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BOOKS, WHICH ALLEGE GREED AND FINANCIAL MISCONDUCT, ARE CURRENTLY UNDER INVESTIGATION BY THE VATICAN.
>>> ALSO THIS WEEK FRANCIS SPOKE BEFORE THOUSANDS OF ITALIAN BISHOPS AND LAY PEOPLE AT A MEETING IN FLORENCE INTENDED TO OUTLINE A COMPREHENSIVE VISION FOR THE FUTURE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
HE EMPHASIZED THE CHURCH TEACHINGS ARE ALWAYS SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MEANT TO GENERATE QUESTIONS.
>>> THERE WERE ALSO RENEWED CONCERNS ABOUT FRANCIS' HEALTH.
HE HAS STUMBLED A FEW TIMES RECENTLY, AND LAST MONTH AN ITALIAN NEWSPAPER REPORTED THAT THE POPE WAS SUFFERING FROM A BENIGN BRAIN TUMOR.
THE VATICAN DENIED THAT AND INSISTED THE PONTIFF IS IN GOOD HEALTH.
>>> THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER DAY SAINTS, THE MORMONS, IS FACING A BACKLASH OVER A NEW POLICY ANNOUNCED LAST WEEK THAT BANS THE BAPTISM OF THE CHILDREN OF SAME-SEX COUPLES AND DECLARES MARRIED GAY COUPLES APOSTATES.
UNDER THE NEW EDICT, CHILDREN OF GAY COUPLES CAN BE BAPTIZED ONLY AFTER THEY'RE NO LONGER LIVING WITH THEIR PARENTS OR AFTER RENOUNCING SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS.
MANY MORMONS ARE NOW THREATENING TO LEAVE THE CHURCH BECAUSE OF THE NEW POLICY.
>>> FAITH-BASED GROUPS ARE REACTING TO LAST WEEK'S ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THE SUPREME COURT WILL HEAR ARGUMENTS ABOUT WHETHER THE CONTRACEPTION PROVISIONS IN THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT VIOLATE THE RIGHTS OF RELIGIOUS NONPROFIT GROUPS.
LAST YEAR THE JUSTICES RULED THAT HOBBY LOBBY AND SOME OTHER FOR-PROFIT BUSINESSES COULD NOT BE REQUIRED TO COVER CONTRACEPTION FOR THEIR EMPLOYEES IF THE OWNERS OBJECTED ON RELIGIOUS GROUNDS.
AT ISSUE NOW IS THE EXTENT TO WHICH RELIGIOUS NON-PROFITS MAY BE EXEMPT.
CURRENTLY THEY HAVE TO FILL OUT A FORM TO OPT OUT OF PROVIDING COVERAGE.
SEVERAL GROUPS, INCLUDING AN ORDER OF NUNS AND MANY CHRISTIAN COLLEGES, SAY THAT VIOLATES THEIR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.
RELIGIOUS GROUPS ARE COMING DOWN ON BOTH SIDES OF THE ISSUE.
>>> ALSO THIS WEEK MANY FAITH-BASED ACTIVISTS URGED THE SUPREME COURT TO TAKE UP A CONTROVERSIAL IMMIGRATION CASE.
THE FIFTH CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS RULES AGAINST PRESIDENT OBAMA'S PLAN TO PROTECT MILLIONS OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS FROM DEPORTATION.
A WIDE RANGE OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS HAS LOBBIED FOR THE PLAN AS A WAY OF KEEPING FAMILIES TOGETHER.
THEY'RE CALLING ON THE HIGH COURT TO LET THE PLAN MOVE FORWARD.
YOUNG CATHOLICS FROM ACROSS THE COUNTRY GATHERED IN WASHINGTON AS PART OF THE 18th FAMILY TEACH-IN FOR JUSTICE.
HUNDREDS OF HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM JESUIT INSTITUTIONS LISTENED TO A SERIES OF SPEAKERS WHO FOCUSED ON TWO KEY SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUES -- CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMMIGRATION REFORM.
A SOCIAL JUSTICE RALLY ON CAPITOL HILL ON MONDAY CAPPED OFF THE WEEKEND'S ACTIVITY.
AS THEY PREPARED TO LOBBY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, YOUNG ADULTS HEARD FROM FAITH LEADERS.
>> USE THIS MOMENT TO BUILD BRIDGES, TRANSFORM OUR NATION, AND GIVE PEOPLE HOPE BECAUSE YOU ARE THE HOPE FOR OUR FUTURE.
YOU ARE HOW CHANGE WILL HAPPEN.
>> ALSO THIS WEEK IN AN UNUSUAL COLLABORATION, THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY HOSTED A TWO-DAY SYMPOSIUM ON RELIGION AND CLIMATE CHANGE.
FAITH LEADERS, SCHOLARS, AND GOVERNMENT POLICYMAKERS GATHERED TO ADDRESS THE THEOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADVOCACY.
THE MEETING WAS SCHEDULED IN ADVANCE OF A U.N.
SUMMIT ON CLIMATE CHANGE THAT BEGINS IN PARIS LATER THIS MONTH.
>>> AS WORLD LEADERS PREPARE FOR THAT SUMMIT, ONE MAJOR CONCERN IS THE POLLUTION CAUSED BY CHINA, WHOSE ENORMOUS GROWTH IN MANUFACTURING HAS COME WITH LITTLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
BUT FRED DE SAM LAZARO INTRODUCES US TO A CHINESE ACTIVIST, A PRIVATE CITIZEN, WHO IS USING INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY TO PERSUADE FACTORIES TO CLEAN UP THEIR WASTE.
MEANWHILE, A HARD QUESTION, DO CHINA'S CUSTOMERS, MANY OF THEM IN THE U.S., HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO HELP PAY FOR CHINA'S CLEANUP?
>> THE INSPECTORS CAME CALLING RECENTLY AT THIS MASSIVE TEXTILE FACTORY IN THE EASTERN CITY OF HONG JO.
THE PLANT IS PART OF THE SAN JUAN COMPANY, ONE OF THE ICONS OF CHINA'S RAPID RISE AS A MANUFACTURING POWERHOUSE.
IT PRODUCES 2 BILLION FEET OF PATTERNED AND DYED FABRIC EACH YEAR FOR GARMENT MAKERS AND FASHION HOUSES AROUND THE WORLD.
THIS PLANT ALSO PRODUCES SOME 60,000 TONS OF WASTE WATER AND A 2013 INVESTIGATION FOUND IT WAS NOT BEING ADEQUATELY TREATED.
MANAGER WANG WIE SAYS MILLIONS OF DOLLARS WERE INVESTED TO UPGRADE THE SYSTEM.
>> Translator: TODAY WE INVITED IPE IN TO SHOW THEM OUR CHANGES.
OUR IMPROVEMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
SO THE INSPECTORS CAN SEE WE ARE IN COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTS.
>> BUT IPE, THE INSPECTORS, ARE NOT FROM THE ALL-POWERFUL GOVERNMENT.
THE INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS IS A SMALL NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION.
>> IPE HAS BEEN A REAL FORCE OF NATURE HERE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES.
THEY ARE COMPLETELY UNIQUE.
I TEASE MA JUN HE IS ONE IN A BILLION.
>> MA JUN.
>> IPE'S FOUNDER MA JUN HAS WON INTERNATIONAL AWARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM THAT HAS TAKEN ON CHINA'S POWERFUL INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENT.
HE'S DONE SO WITH POLITICAL SAVVY AND TECHNOLOGY SAYS LINDA GREER OF THE WASHINGTON BASED NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL WHICH HAS PARTNERED WITH IPE.
>> I THINK HE'S AN ASTUTE OBSERVER OF WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS AND HOW CAN THEY BEST BE SOLVED IN CHINA.
>> BUT GREER SAYS IT'S THE WORLD'S MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TO SOLVE CHINA'S POLLUTION PROBLEM.
>> THE WORLD MADE A DECISION TO CONCENTRATE ITS MANUFACTURING IN ONE COUNTRY, MORE THAN 50% OF THE MANUFACTURING OF THE CORD OCCURS HERE.
IT'S LIKE WE TOOK THE POLLUTION FROM THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE AND OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD AND JUST CENTERED IT HERE.
>> MA WAS AN INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALIST IN THE 1990s WHEN HE BEGAN DOCUMENTING THE TOLL OF CHINA'S INDUSTRIALIZATION.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN.
>> A GROUP OF OLD LADIES KNEELING DOWN IN FRONT OF ME, YOU KNOW, HOLDING A BOTTLE OF POLLUTED WATER AND HOPING THEY'D GET HELP.
THIS IS THE VOICE THAT GOT DROWNED IN THIS COMPLEX GLOBALIZED SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEM.
>> HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF CHINESE HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO HEALTH HAZARDS, HE SAYS, AND THINGS ARE APPROACHING A TIPPING POINT.
>> IF WE DON'T HANDLE THAT RIGHT, THIS WILL NOT JUST THREATEN OUR SOCIAL STABILITY, BUT IT COULD HINDER THE VERY ECONOMIC GROWTH ITSELF.
>> IT'S NOT HARD TO GET A SENSE OF PUBLIC CONCERN, EVEN ANGER.
>> Translator: THE AIR IS NOT GOOD AND IT'S GETTING WORSE AND WORSE.
VERY BAD.
>> AT THE SIDEWALK'S BARBERSHOPS OUTSIDE THE INDUSTRIAL CITY OF TEEIAN JAN, PEOPLE SHARED THEIR FEELINGS THOUGH NOT THEIR NAMES.
YOU DO FEEL YOU.
>> Translator: YOU DO FEEL THE POLLUTION WHEN YOU BREATHE.
IT'S A LOT MORE POLLUTED THAN BEFORE.
THE WATER IS ALSO POLLUTED AND OUR FOOD.
>> THE OFFICIALS ARE CORRUPT.
PEOPLE WITH MONEY CAN BUY FAVOR.
CORRUPT OFFICIALS ARE EVERYWHERE.
>> MA JUN SAYS THIS GROWING POLITICAL WILL IN BEIJING TO TACKLE THE ENVIRONMENT CRISIS.
STANDARDS HAVE BEEN TIGHTENED AND FACTORIES ARE NOW REQUIRED TO REPORT THEIR EMISSION LEVELS IN REAL TIME.
IPE PUTS THIS DENSE INFORMATION INTO A DATABASE ACCESSIBLE TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC ON THE WEB AND NOW ON MOBILE.
THIS IS A LARGE POWER PLANT OUTSIDE THE INDUSTRIAL CITY AND IT'S ONE OF THOUSANDS OF INDUSTRIAL SITES ACROSS THE COUNTRY THAT ARE MONITORED AND THAT INFORMATION IS READILY AVAILABLE TO ANYONE WHO HAS DOWNLOADED THE IPE APP ONTO THEIR SMARTPHONE.
AS IT TURNS OUT THIS, PLANT TODAY IS WELL WITHIN THE RANGE OF ALLOWABLE EMISSIONS.
AS YOU CAN SEE, THERE ARE DOZENS OF PLANTS BEING MONITORED, SOME IN OF THE RED ZONE AND THE ONE WE'RE STANDING IN FRONT OF COMES IN AT 33.
BY ITSELF, THIS INFORMATION HAS MINIMAL IMPACT.
LOCAL OFFICIALS WHERE FACTORIES ARE LOCATED ARE REWARDED FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH, FOR CREATING JOBS.
THEY'RE OFTEN INDIFFERENT ABOUT POLLUTION SAYS GREER.
>> ONE OF MY FAVORITE EXPRESSIONS I HAVE LEARNED IN CHINA IS ONE THAT SAYS, THE SKY IS HIGH AND THE EMPEROR IS FAR AWAY.
THAT THERE'S SORT OF NOBODY WILL EVER KNOW MENTALITY DOWN THERE AT THE PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL LEVEL.
>> SO IPE HAS TAKEN ITS CONCERN TO THE GLOBAL LEVEL, TO CUSTOMERS OF THE POLLUTING FACTORIES.
MA SAYS THEY ARE MUCH MORE SENSITIVE ABOUT THEIR PUBLIC IMAGE.
WHEN IT FOUND THE FACTORY OUT OF COMPLIANCE, THEY CONTACTED BIG BUYERS NUG NIKE, WALMART, GAP, AND H & M. >> THEY MADE A CLEAR COMMITMENT TO SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING AND SOURCING, AND WE JUST WANT TO HOLD THEM ACCOUNTABLE FOR THAT.
>> Translator: IPE CONVINCED OUR BRAND CUSTOMERS NOT TO PLACE ANY ORDER FROM ANY SUPPLIER WHO DID NOT MEET THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS.
IPE IS TRUSTED BY THE PUBLIC AND WE CAN TRUST THEIR DATA.
>> BECAUSE OF ITS SIZE, JUN SAYS HIS COMPANY WAS AGE TO AFFORD THE $30 MILLION PLUS UPGRADE BUT THAT MAY NOT BE TRUE OF ALL SUPPLIERS WHO ARE OFTEN PRESSURED BY THEIR BRAND CUSTOMERS TO LOWER COSTS.
MA JUN SAYS THE SOLUTION IS TO MAKE INFORMATION ACCESSIBLE TO ALL PARTIES.
>> MANY STAKEHOLDERS WOULD LIKE TO JOIN EFFORTS, INCLUDING, INCLUDING EVEN THE POLLUTERS THEMSELVES.
YOU KNOW, THEY POLLUTE.
IT'S NOT BECAUSE MORALLY THEY HAVE A PROBLEM, BUT MORE BECAUSE THE MECHANISM NOW IS REWARDING THOSE WHO CUT CORNERS TO SAVE COST.
SO I THINK THAT WE CAN LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD.
>> ONE WAY IPE AND ITS AMERICAN PARTNER NRDC DO THAT IS BY PUBLISHING AN ANNUAL TRANSPARENCY INDEX.
>> AND TODAY I WOULD LIKE TO ANNOUNCE THE TOP 100 BRANDS AND THEIR RANKINGS AND SCORES.
>> THE INDEX RANKS INTERNATIONAL BRANDS ON HOW THEY'VE DEALT WITH SUPPLIERS THAT ARE VIOLATING POLLUTION LAWS.
>> SCORES HAVE BEEN ON THE RISE AND A SCORE BY APPLE HAS EXCEEDED 70 POINTS.
>> APPLE RANKS NUMBER ONE.
IRONIC SINCE THAT COMPANY INITIALLY DECLINED TO WORK WITH IPE.
TODAY APPLE AND SEVERAL GLOBAL BRANDS LIKE RETAILER TARGET ARE WILLING PARTNERS WHO USE THE GROUP'S DATA AS A RESOURCE.
>> WE LOOK AT IPE TO ENSURE THERE ARE NO IRREGULARITIES.
WHAT IS THE PROGRESS OF OUR SUPPLIERS THAT HAVE IRREGULARITIES THAT NEED TO BE REPORTED?
>> OTHER AMERICAN COMPANIES LIKE MACY'S, JCPENNEY, AND VICTORIA'S SECRET WERE RATED AT ZERO.
THEY INSIST THEY HAVE THEIR OWN SYSTEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SAY THEY'VE NEVER HEARD FROM IPE.
MA SAYS IT'S POSSIBLE THEY MAY NOT HAVE HEARD OF HIS GROUP SINCE NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS ARE SMALL AND RELATIVELY NEW IN CHINA.
>> THIS IS A TIME FOR THE NGOs IN CHINA TO BUILD ITS CAPACITY AND REPUTATION.
>> IN TIME HE EXPECTS MORE COMPANIES WILL COME ON BOARD, ESPECIALLY AS IPE ADDS THEIR BRAND NAMES ONTO THE NEXT VERSION OF ITS MOBILE APP.
HE SAYS IT WILL LINK BRANDS TO THE FACTORIES BEING TRACKED SO CONSUMERS CAN MAKE INFORMED PURCHASES.
>> FIRST OF ALL, A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL.
>> IPE'S AMERICAN PARTNER SAYS WESTERN CONSUMERS ALSO HAVE A MORAL RESPONSIBLE TO BUY GREEN, EVEN IF THAT MEANS HIGHER PRICES.
>> CHINA'S POLLUTION PROBLEM IS BECAUSED BY ONE-THIRD BY EXPORT TO AMERICA AND WESTERN EUROPE.
SO THIS POLLUTION IS OUR POLLUTION, AND I THINK WE HAVE AN ETHICAL OBLIGATION TO HELP REDUCE IT.
>> AND EVEN AS CHINA BEGINS CLEANING UP, SHE AND MA JUN FEAR THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN WILL MIGRATE TO LESS EXPENSIVE COUNTRIES, EAGER, AS CHINA WAS A GENERATION AGO, TO ATTRACT NEW FACTORIES BUT LACKING THE SYSTEMS TO SAFEGUARD THE ENVIRONMENT.
FOR "RELIGION AND ETHICS NEWSWEEKLY," I'M FRED DE SAM LAZARO IN CHINA.
>>> THIS IS NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE MONTH, AND WE HAVE A SPECIAL REPORT.
AN ESTIMATED 25% OF NATIVE AMERICANS ARE CATHOLIC.
IN MANY AREAS THERE ARE LONG-STANDING TENSIONS BETWEEN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND INDIGENOUS TRIBES IN PART BECAUSE EARLY MISSIONARY EFFORTS WERE TIED TO COLONIZATION, WHICH WAS OVEN DEAFFTEN DEVASTATING TO NATIVE CULTURES.
KIM LAWTON LOOKS AT ST. KATERI, THE CHURCH'S FIRST NATIVE AMERICAN SAINT.
MANY NATIVE AMERICAN CATHOLICS LOOK TO HER TO HELP BRIDGE THE GAP.
>> THIS IS THE GRAND ENTRY PROCESSION AT THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE.
NATIVE AMERICAN CATHOLICS FROM MORE THAN 100 INDIGENOUS TRIBES ACROSS THE U.S. AND CANADA HAVE GATHERED TO SHOW THEIR DEVOTION TO ST. KATERI, A 17th CENTURY CONVERT TO KA THOTH SIMPLE AND THE CHURCH'S FIRST NATIVE AMERICAN SAINT.
>> AFTER ALL THESE CENTURIES, THE LOVE OF HER PEOPLE HAS SEEMED TO JUST BEEN A CONTAGIOUS TYPE OF LOVE THAT HAS SWEPT RIGHT ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
>> ST. KATERI OR AS SOME CALL HER ST. KATERI IS A VIVID SYMBOL OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH'S COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIP WITH INDIGENOUS PEOPLE.
FOR MANY SHE REPRESENTS THE DIVERSITY OF A CHURCH THAT HAS BEEN EMBRACED ACROSS RACIAL AND CULTURAL LINES.
>> IT MEANS A LOT TO HAVE SOMEBODY LIKE ST. KATERI WHO IS BEING HELD UP BY THE WHOLE CATHOLIC CHURCH AS WELL AS SOMEONE WHO IS RECOGNIZED AND RESPECTED AND GREATLY ESTEEMED THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE WORLD.
>> BUT FOR SOME NATIVE AMERICANS, SHE REPRESENTS THE PAIN OF COLONIZATION AND MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES THAT WERE SEEN AS DESTROYING INDIGENOUS CULTURE AND RELIGION.
>> THE CREATOR GAVE EVERYBODY THEIR OWN SPIRITUALITY.
IF HE GAVE IT TO EUROPEANS OR PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST, THAT'S FOR THEM AND NOT FOR US.
>> NICKNAMED THE LILY OF THE MOW HACKS, KATERI WAS BORN IN THE MID 1600s IN WHAT IS NOW NEW YORK STATE.
SHE LIVED IN A MOHAWK VILLAGE PART OF THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY.
>> THERE'S A SERIES OF EPIDEMICS THAT PASSED THROUGH THIS PART OF THE WORLD.
TERRIBLE SMALLPOX THAT WHEN SHE'S 6 YEARS OLD SHE IS VERY ILL WITH.
IT HAS A PERMANENT EFFECT ON HER HEALTH.
SHE LOSES BOTH HER PARENTS.
>> ALLEN GREER IS PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AT McGILL UNIVERSITY IN MONTREAL AND AUTHOR OF THE BOOK "MOHAWK STANT."
HE SAYS AS A YOUNG WOMAN SHE BEGAN STUDYING WITH JESUIT MISSIONARIES IN THE AREA AND DECIDED TO BECOME BAPTIZED.
>> THERE'S MORE SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT HER LIFE THAN ANY INDIAN PERN AT THE TIME OF INITIAL ENCOUNTER THAN EUROPEANS.
SHE'S UNIQUELY WELL DOCUMENTED.
>> THE JESUITS DOCUMENTED MUCH OF KATERI'S LIFE IN THEIR JOURNALS.
THEY DESCRIBED HOW AFTER HER CONVERSION THE YOUNG WOMAN MOVED TO THE JESUIT MISSION NEAR WHAT IS NOW MONTREAL WHERE THERE WERE MANY NATIVE CONVERTS.
>> WHAT MADE HER STAND OUT ALONG WITH SEVERAL OTHER YOUNG MOHAWK WOMEN IS SHE PRACTICED AN EXTREME FORM OF WHAT RELIGIOUS SCHOLARS WOULD CALL MISSTICK ASSESS SIMP.
A RELIGIOUS PRACTICE THAT INVOLVES INFLICTING DELIBERATE PAIN AND DISCOMFORT ON THE BODY AS A WAY OF EMPOWERING THE SPIRIT.
>> HER HEALTH WAS ALWAYS WEAK AND SHE DIED IN 1680 WHEN SHE WAS AROUND 24 YEARS OLD.
ALMOST IMMEDIATELY STORIES ABOUT HER CHARITY, DEVOTION, AND PURITY BEGAN TO SPREAD AS DID STORIES OF MIRACLES.
LEONA GONZALEZ OF THE TUS KA WAR RA TRIBE IN NEW YORK RECOUNTS ONE MIRACLE STORY REGARDING THE SMALLPOX SCARS ON KATERI'S FACE.
>> SHE'S DYING, AND SHE MENTIONS, JESUS, I LOVE YOU, AND ACCORDING TO THE JOURNALS WRITTEN IN FRENCH BY THE JESUITS, THE POX MARKS ALL DISAPPEARED FROM HER.
>> AN EFFORT TO SEE KATERI OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED AS A SAINT WAS LAUNCHED IN 1884, BUT THE CHURCH'S COMPLICATED PROCESS FOR SAINTHOOD USUALLY TAKES DECADES.
IN 2011 THE VATICAN CERTIFIED THE FINAL REQUIRED MIRACLE.
A YOUNG BOY OF NATIVE AMERICAN DESCENT WAS CURED OF A LIFE THREATENING CASE OF FLESH EATING BACTERIA AFTER FAMILY AND FRIENDS PLAYED THAT ST. KATERI WOULD INTERCEDE WITH GOD FOR HIM.
ONE OF THE THOSE PRAYING AT JAKE'S BEDSIDE WAS SISTER KATERI MITCHELL, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.
SHE SAYS CATHOLICS ACROSS THE COUNTRY HAVE FORMED KATERI PRAYER CIRCLES.
>> THEY'RE REALLY A POWERHOUSE OF PRAYER WHEN THEY GATHER.
SO MANY OF OUR PEOPLE HAVE RECEIVED MULTIPLE FLAVORS IN PRAYING THROUGH HER INTERCESSION AND MEN WHO HAVE RECEIVED A LOT OF HEALING.
>> GONZALEZ SAYS ST. KATERI INTERCEDED FOR HER AS WELL, ALTHOUGH IT WASN'T OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED AS A MIRACLE.
>> I HAD THYROID CANCER 14 YEARS AGO, AND WITH HER HELP IT'S GONE.
SURGERY REMOVED ALL OF THE THYROID AND ALL OF THE CANCER.
>> WHEN KATERI WAS CANYONONIZED AT THE VATICAN IN 2012, GONZALEZ AND SEVERAL FAMILIES MEMBERS WERE THERE.
>> SHE'S ALWAYS BEEN OUR SAINT, ALWAYS.
>> BUT FOR MANY NATIVE AMERICANS, THE ISSUE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE CONVERTING TO CATHOLICISM REMAINS A SENSITIVE ONE.
DURING HIS VISIT TO THE U.S., POPE FRANCISCAN CANONIZED A NATIVE AMERICAN WHO BROUGHT CHRISTIANITY TO CALIFORNIA.
SOME PROTESTED ARGUING MISSIONARY EFFORTS WERE TIED TO COLONIZATION WHICH WERE DEVASTATING TO INDIGENOUS CULTURES GROOP CHRISTIANS WEREN'T HONEST.
THEY LIED TO US AND FELT SUPERIOR TO US AND BETRAYED US AND I THINK THEY BETRAYED OUR TRUST AND THEY USED RELIGION.
>> IN MANY AREAS, TENSIONS PERSIST BETWEEN CATHOLICISM AND TRADITIONAL NATIVE RELIGION WHICH ARE OFTEN PRACTICED IN A LONG HOUSE.
>> AT A VERY EARLY AGE, AROUND 12 OR 13 YEARS OLD I WAS AN ALTER BOY AT THE TIME AND I WAS SITTING IN AT THE ALTER ONE DAY DURING MASS AND LOOKING AROUND AND I WAS WONDERING TO MYSELF WHAT AM I DOING HERE?
THERE'S NOTHING IN THE CHURCH, IN THE MASS OR ANYTHING THAT I COULD IDENTIFY WITH AS A YOUNG MOHAWK.
>> BUT NATIVE AMERICAN CATHOLICS TAKE A MORE NUANCED VIEW.
FATHER MAURICE MORE RI SANDS.
>> THERE HAVE BEEN LOTS OF NEGATIVE THINGS THAT HAVE ALSO COME ALONG WITH THE EUROPEANS WHO CAME THAT ALSO IMPACT US TO THE PRESENT DAY.
AS A BELIEVER, AS A PRIEST, I DON'T HAVE ANY HESITATION TO SAY THAT THE COMING OF THE GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST TO THE AMERICAS IS THE BEST THING THAT HAS HAPPENED FOR US.
>> WE REFLECT, WE REMEMBER, BUT LET US LET GO.
LET US HEAL AND WE NEED TO MOVE FORWARD.
>> LEADERS AT THE CONFERENCE SAY THERE DOESN'T NEED TO BE A CONFLICT BETWEEN NATIVE ANCESTRY AND CATHOLICISM.
THAT'S SOMETHING THEY TRY TO TEACH TO THE NEXT GENERATION.
TASHA SMITH FIRST CAME TO THE CONFERENCE AS A CHILD.
>> AND SO THE FIRST TIME AS AN 11-YEAR-OLD COMING AND I WAS LIKE, WOW, THESE PEOPLE KNOW HOW TO SING IN THEIR NATIVE LANGUAGE AND THEY'RE PRAYING IN THEIR NATIVE LANGUAGE AND IT WAS AN AMAZING EXPERIENCE.
♪♪ >> NATIVE AMERICAN CATHOLICS SAY THE CHURCH IS DOING A BETTER JOB OF CELEBRATING DIVERSITY THAN IT HAD IN THE PAST.
>> SINCE VATICAN 2, THERE'S A MUCH GREATER EXPRESSION OF THE CULTURE, INCLUSION OF CULTURE AND IN OUR LIVES AS CATHOLICS.
>> NATURE HAS ALWAYS PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN NATIVE SPIRITUALITY.
THEY WERE GREATLY INSPIRED BY POPE FRANCIS'S ENCYCLICAL ON THE ENVIRONMENT, ESPECIALLY HIS MANY ASSERTIONS ABOUT THE CLOSE TIES BETWEEN HUMANS AND THE EARTH.
>> I HAVE MET A NUMBER OF PEOPLE FROM OTHER CULTURES WHO HAVE SAID IT WAS LIKE READING SOMETHING THAT A NATIVE PERSON, FIRST PEOPLE OF THIS LAND, WOULD WRITE, SO I THINK NOW NATIVE SPIRITUALITY IS TAKING DEEPER ROOTS WITHIN THE HEARTS OF OUR CHRISTIAN PEOPLE.
>> MANY NATIVE AMERICANS BELIEVE THAT'S ONE MORE EXAMPLE OF HOW THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IS MOVING BEYOND THE MISTAKES OF THE PAST.
I'M KIM LAWTON REPORTING.
>> FINALLY, A SCANDALOUS TYPO TOLD BIG AT AUCTION THIS WEEK.
AN EARLY SING JAMES VERSION OF THE BIBLE CONTAINED A MISPRINT OF THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT SO IT SAID, THOU SHALT COMMIT ADULTERY.
ONE OF THOSE BIBLES WAS AUCTIONED OFF IN LONDON FOR $47,000.
THE PRINTING ERROR WAS SPOTTED IN 1632, A YEAR AFTER A THOUSAND COPIES HAD CIRCULATED IN ENGLAND.
THE SO-CALLED SINNER'S BIBLE HAS REMAINED A COLLECTOR'S ITEM EVER SINCE.
>>> THAT'S OUR PROGRAM FOR NOW.
I'M BOB ABERNATHY.
YOU CAN FOLLOW US ON TWITTER AND FACEBOOK AND WATCH US ANYTIME ON THE PBS APP FOR iPHONES AND iPADS.
THERE'S ALSO MUCH MORE ON OUR WEBSITE WHERE YOU CAN LISTEN TO OR WATCH EVERY PROGRAM.
JOIN US AT PBS.ORG/RELIGIONETHICS.
AS WE LEAVE YOU, MUSIC FROM A MASS IN HONOR OF ST. KATERI AT ST. FRANCIS XAVIER CATHOLIC CHURCH IN QUEBEC.
♪♪
