ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... [WIND BLOWING] [CAT MEOWS] [THUNDER] [CRASH] [HORN HONKING] WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE, PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."
HEY, WELCOME BACK TO "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."
I AM ROY UNDERHILL.
I AM SO GLAD YOU CAN BE WITH ME AGAIN TODAY BEC--UH!
WELL, I'D LIKE TO BE WITH YOU, BUT I CAN'T.
THERE'S A LOG IN MY WAY!
WHAT...WHAT A CONNIPTION.
WHAT A CONUNDRUM.
HOW SHALL I GET THROUGH?
I KNOW.
I SHALL SAW MY WAY THROUGH, BECAUSE ONE THING I ENJOY ALMOST AS MUCH AS RIPPING WOOD IS CROSSCUTTING.
SO I'VE GOT A CROSSCUT SAW.
SHALL I GO AHEAD AND CROSSCUT MY LOG AND MAKE MY WAY THROUGH TO... MMM...THAT LOOKS LIKE IT'S GONNA BE A LITTLE SLOW.
PERHAPS I HAVE AN INAPPROPRIATE HAND SAW FOR CUTTING TIMBER.
AH!
BUT WAIT.
WHAT'S THIS?
DA-DA-DA-DA!
HA HA!
NOW, THAT'S... THAT'S A SAW.
ALL RIGHT.
SO THIS IS A ONE-MAN CROSSCUT.
I'M GONNA LOOK AT THESE KIND OF SAWS THAT ARE SO GREAT FOR CUTTING BIG GREEN TIMBER FOR DOING TIMBER FRAMING, THESE WONDERFUL...
THIS IS A TWO-MAN OR-- IT CAN BE A TWO-MAN.
SEE, YOU CAN TAKE THIS HANDLE OFF AND PUT IT DOWN AT THE OTHER END AND REATTACH IT.
AND SO THIS KIND OF SAW IS JUST GREAT.
LET'S SEE HOW THIS DOES ON OUR LOG THAT IS BLOCKING THE WAY.
I WILL JUST START CUTTING THERE.
AND LOOK AT THAT.
AH, IT'S GREAT.
SO, WHEN THE SAW CAME ALONG-- AND I MEAN, LIKE THIS... YOU DIDN'T HAVE TO CUT WOOD WITH AXES HISTORICALLY-- WHAT A THING.
THIS GOT TO BE A GREAT AMERICAN PASTIME, PHILOSOPHIZING ABOUT SAWING WOOD.
ALL RIGHT.
IT'S LIKE A METAPHOR FOR SNORING, BUT ALSO FOR LOTS OF THINGS.
ALDO LEOPOLD, THE CONSERVATION WRITER IN THE 20th CENTURY, WROTE ABOUT HOW THE SAW IS LIKE A SAMPLE, TAKING OUT SHAVINGS LIKE SAMPLES OF HISTORY.
AND THAT'S...THAT...
SAMPLE YEAR AT A TIME.
SO I'M BACK TO THE MIDDLE.
NOW I'M COMING BACK IN TIME.
I'M BACK WHEN THIS TREE WAS STARTED AS A LITTLE SAPLING, ELVIS' TIME.
NOW I'M COMING UP... AH, HERE'S REAL ROCK-AND-ROLL.
AND WE'RE BACK IN OUR OWN TIME THERE.
I WAS ABLE TO CUT THROUGH THE GRAIN OF THIS LOG WITH THIS WONDERFUL SAW EASILY BECAUSE OF THE NATURE OF THESE TEETH AND HOW THEY UNDERSTAND WOOD.
THERE'S SO MUCH UNDERSTANDING IN THIS SAW.
IT'S JUST BRILLIANT.
THIS IS, OF COURSE, A COMBINATION OF RAKERS AND CUTTERS.
I'VE GOT THESE TWO SHARP KNIFELIKE POINTS THAT CUT ACROSS THE GRAIN, AND THEN THE RAKERS THAT, IN EACH STROKE, SHAVE IT OUT.
SO IT GOES CUT, CUT, SHAVE OUT, CUT, CUT, AND THEN SHAVE OUT AS IT GOES BACK AND FORTH THROUGH THE GRAIN.
SO THAT IS THE BRILLIANCE THAT'S INSIDE THIS SAW, IS AN UNDERSTANDING OF...
THE GRAIN IN THE WOOD.
NOW, WHERE DID THAT COME FROM, THAT UNDERSTANDING OF THE GRAIN?
WELL, BRONOWSKI-- SEE, YOU THINK TOO MUCH WHENOU'RE SAWING.
BUT JACOB BRONOWSKI WAS TALKING ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND TECHNOLOGY, UM, TALKING ABOUT SPLITTING WOOD AND HOW THAT LED US TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE OF NATURE.
WELL, LET ME SHOW YOU.
THIS IS WHERE I THINK THAT UNDERSTANDING IS VERY DEEP ABOUT HOW TO MAKE A CROSSCUT SAW WITH RAKERS AND CUTTERS HERE.
I'M GONNA HEW THIS TIMBER IN THE WAY IT HAS BEEN DONE FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
I'M GONNA PUT A FLAT SURFACE ON THIS, CUTTING IN A NOTCH AT EITHER END OF THE AREA I WANT TO SQUARE.
SO I WILL CUT IN.
I'VE GOT TO CUT AT AN ANGLE SO THAT THE CHIPS CAN COME OUT.
BY CUTTING AT AN ANGLE, THE CHIPS HAVE...CAN ESCAPE.
IF I GO STRAIGHT IN, NOT MUCH HAPPENS.
ALL RIGHT?
SO I CUT IN AT AN ANGLE, LEAVING ROOM FOR THE CHIP TO COME OUT.
AND I DO THIS SPACED ALONG ABOUT, YOU KNOW... WELL, WHATEVER IS APPROPRIATE.
IN THIS PIECE, ABOUT EVERY 8 INCHES.
LET ME DO ONE MORE HERE.
I'M INTO IT NOW.
HA HA HA!
SO I CUT IN, LETTING THOSE CHIPS COME OUT.
AND THEN... WILL COME ALONG.
SO THIS IS THE EQUIVALENT OF THE CUTTERS.
HERE COMES THE RAKER, COMING DOWN ACROSS THE GRAIN, SHAVINOUT THAT WOOD, OF COURSE, ON A MUCH SMALLER SCALE.
THAT'S WHAT THIS SAW UNDERSTANDS.
ONCE THE METALLURGY WAS THERE TO ENABLE THEM TO MAKE THOSE SAWS, WELL, PEOPLE JUST WENT NUTS WITH ALL DIFFERENT KINDS OF WONDERFUL CROSSCUT SAWS.
AND WE CAN TRIM THIS A LITTLE MORE.
AGAIN...MORE OF THE KNIFE CUTS ACROSS THE GRAIN.
SO IF I'M MAKING A TIMBER THAT I WANTED TO BUILD WITH, I COULD HEW IT.
SO I THINK THAT UNDERSTANDING OF THE SAW WAS PRETTY DEEP IN US, COMING FROM WAY BACK, AS SOON AS WE START USING A DECENT AX.
ALL RIGHT.
ENOUGH OF THAT.
HA HA.
I'LL LEAVE THAT ALONE NOW.
SO WE'LL TAKE A LOOK AT THESE SAWS MORE.
BUT STILL, I'M NUTS ABOUT THE CONNECTIONS THAT THEY HAVE.
FIRST, LOOK, THOUGH.
HERE'S THE GRAIN OF THE WOOD.
IT'S LIKE A BROOM, ISN'T IT?
SO WE'VE GOT THAT GRAIN, THAT STRUCTURE.
AND HERE ARE THE STRAWS COMING DOWN, THE GRAIN.
SO WHEN WE RIP, THAT'S DOWN THE LENGTH OF A BROOM.
WHEN WE RIP, WE WANT CHISEL TEETH COMING ALONG.
WE WANT CHISEL TEETH TAKING DOWN THE GRAIN.
SO IT'S LIKE WE HAVE A ROW OF CHISELS.
THAT WON'T WORK GOING ACROSS THE GRAIN.
HERE WE JUST CATCH.
AH, THAT'S NOT GOOD.
ALL RIGHT.
SO WHAT WE NEED ARE A BUNCH OF KNIVES TO GO ACROSS THE GRAIN.
SO WE TAKE KNIVES.
YOU CAN SEE, THIS ONE HERE, SAME FORM OF TOOTH ALMOST.
RELAXED A LITTLE BIT, BUT THEY'RE BEVELED ON EITHER SIDE SO THAT THEY'RE LITTLE KNIFE POINTS UP AND DOWN.
KNIFE POINTS ALL THE WAY UP AND DOWN HERE.
SO THOSE KNIVES ARE ABLE TO SEVER THE FIBERS.
NOW, THE PROBLEM WITH THIS SAW IS THAT IT RELIES--ALTHOUGH IT CUTS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE GRAIN, IT RELIES ON FRICTION.
LET ME GET A BUNCH OF SHAVINGS HERE.
IT RELIES ON FRICTION IN THOSE KERFS THERE IN THE GULLET, THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TEETH, TO PULL THAT SAWDUST OUT OF THE CUT.
WELL, OF COURSE, THESE SIDES ARE BEVELED, AND THEY TEND TO WEDGE THE SAWDUST ON EITHER SIDE.
IN OTHER WORDS, THERE'S GONNA BE A LOT OF FRICTION WHEN YOU USE THIS IN HEAVY GREEN WOOD, PUSHING IT TO THE SIDE.
SO THAT'S WHY THE RAKER COMES IN.
ALL RIGHT.
LET'S TAKE A LOOK, THOUGH.
A FEW MORE THINGS HERE.
SAY I WANT TO DO A DADO.
A DADO IS A GROOVE ACROSS THE GRAIN.
THIS IS HOW I DO IT.
HERE'S A LITTLE BIT OF CHERRY.
AND SAY I WANT TO CUT A DADO ACROSS THE GRAIN.
I'D TAKE A KNIFE... AND A KNIFE THERE.
ALL RIGHT.
AND CUT EITHER SIDE.
SO THERE'S THOSE TWO NOTCHES LIKE I DID WITH THE AX, LIKE WE DID WITH THE SAW, AND THEN COME BACK WITH A CHISEL THAT ACTS AS THE RAKER.
AND YOU CAN SEE THAT SHAVING COMING OUT THERE, THAT CURL OF GRAIN THERE.
THAT IS WHAT WE'RE AFTER THERE.
WE WANT TO SEE THAT WE HAVE THAT CURL OF GRAIN COMING OUT OF EACH SAW CUT, JUST... JUST POURING ON THE FLOOR, THESE STRINGS OF WOOD LIKE THAT.
NOW IT STOPPED.
OH, GOSH.
I CAN'T GO ANY DEEPER.
IT'S TEARING.
SO I'VE GOT TO GO AGAIN WITH THE KNIFE.
AND THIS IS JUST WHAT THE BIG CROSSCUT SAW DOES, IS KEEPS ALTERNATING KNIVES AND RAKERS.
THERE WE GO.
NOW, THIS GETS FORMALIZED A LITTLE BIT WHEN WE GET TO A DADO PLANE.
AND HERE I'VE GOT A DADO PLANE.
WOULDN'T YOU KNOW IT?
AGAIN, JUST CUTTING ACROSS THE GRAIN.
BUT THESE TOOLS, UNDERSTANDING THE GRAIN.
I'M GONNA PUT A LITTLE BATTEN ON HERE, AND I THINK I HAVE A HAMMER.
YEAH.
ALL RIGHT.
I'M GONNA PUT A HAMMER HERE.
A BIT OF OVERKILL IN MY HAMMER, BUT I'M GONNA PUT A BATTEN ACROSS THE WOOD TO GUIDE IT, TO GUIDE THIS TOOL RIGHT HERE.
THIS IS A DADO PLANE.
YOU CAN SEE IT HAS TWO CUTTERS UP THERE AT THE FRONT.
THERE'S ONE RIGHT THERE, AND TWO.
SO ONE, TWO CUTTERS RIGHT THERE.
AND THEN HERE'S THE RAKER COMING BEHIND IT.
SO CUTTERS, A LITTLE LIP RIGHT THERE, A LITTLE LIP RIGHT THERE, DELINEATING THE SPACE THAT IS THEN TAKEN OUT BY THE RAKER.
AND SO HERE IS THAT SAME CONFIGURATION JUST MADE MORE ELEMENTAL.
LET ME SEE II CAN PULL BACK AND GET A GOOD START.
AND THERE WE GO.
HA HA HA!
AND AGAIN YOU SEE THE SHAVINGS COMING OUT.
THAT'S WHAT YOU WANT.
THAT'S WHAT'S DIAGNOSTIC OF PROPER CUTTING, WHETHER IT'S A DADO PLANE, SAY, LIKE THIS FOR CUTTING SHELF BRACKETS, SAY.
YOU KNOW, SHELVES THAT ARE IN THE UPRIGHTS.
THIS WOULD BE THE DADO ACROSS THE GRAIN FOR THAT.
OR IN A SAW.
IN FACT, LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE SAW HERE.
I'VE GOT ANOTHER ONE OF THESE ONE-MAN CROSSCUT SAWS, ONE-PERSON CROSSCUT, AND I'LL SET THIS IN MY SAW-SHARPENING VISE.
AND LET'S TAKE A LOOK.
I'VE GOT A BLOCK OF PERSIMMON.
WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE.
LET'S SEE IF WE SEE.
ALDO LEOPOLD TALKED ABOUT HOW, YOU KNOW, THE SAW WAS DIAGNOSTIC, THE SHAVINGS WERE DIAGNOSTIC OF THE WOOD, BUT THEY'RE ALSO DIAGNOSTIC OF THE SAW.
IF WE LOOK AT THIS, I'LL SLIDE THIS PERSIMMON BACK AND FORTH.
AND SOMETIMES YOU CAN SEE THE SHAVINGS.
YOU CAN SEE THAT STRING COMING OUT RIGHT IN FRONT OF-- I'M GONNA BREAK THAT LITTLE BIT RIGHT OFF RIGHT THERE.
THERE YOU GO.
THERE YOU GO.
SEE THAT SHAVING COMING OUT RIGHT THERE?
THERE'S THAT STRING COMING OUT.
SO IT'S BEEN CUT IN THE PROCESS BY THE KNIFE, KNIFE ON EITHER SIDE-- OOP.
I GUESS IT WAS KNIFE, KNIFE HERE ON EITHER SIDE, AND THEN THAT PUSHING THAT STRING ALONG RIGHT THERE.
SO THAT'S HOW IT WORKS THERE, PULLING OUT THOSE STRINGS.
SO THAT'S WORKING JUST LIKE THAT PLANE IS ALL THE WAY DOWN.
ALL RIGHT.
[PANTING] SO USING THESE SAWS, SHARPENING, THIS IS A BIG DEAL.
LET ME SHOW YOU HOW STRONG A PART OF THE CULTURE THIS WAS.
THIS IS "HARPER'S" MAGAZINE, 1857 NOW.
THIS IS LAFAYETTE, INDIANA, AND IT IS A...WHAT?
A BUCKSAW, A WOODCUTTING... WHAT DO THEY CALL IT?
NOT A CONTEST, BUT A WOOD-SAWING TOURNAMENT.
YEAH, IT'S NOT JUST A CONTEST.
THIS IS A TOURNAMENT, GUYS, HERE.
ALL RIGHT.
AND ALL THE FOLKS ARE CUTTING WITH THEIR BUCKSAWS.
VERY SIMILAR KIND OF SAWS.
THESE HAVE THE COMMON "M" TEETH, THOUGH.
SO THEY DON'T HAVE THE MORE COMPLEX ONES.
I DON'T KNOW IF THAT'S THE ARTIST.
I THINK THESE TEETH WERE AROUND BY THEN, BECAUSE IT'S 1867.
BUT YOU NOTICE THEY'RE ALL GGLE...
THEY'RE ALL STRING AND TOGGLE STICK, UM... THAT THEY'RE USING THERE.
GOT THEIR KNEES ON IT, AND THEY'RE HOLDING THE SAW JUST RIGHT.
OH, IT'S GREAT.
ANYWAY, A BIG PART OF THE CULTURE.
HERE'S A CONTEST, EVERYBODY GATHERED TO SEBUCKSAWING.
BECAUSE THIS IS HOW YOU GOT YOUR WOOD.
AND HERE'S A CATALOG OF SAWS.
YOU CAN SEE THE DIFFERENT ONES.
NOW, THERE ARE 821 DIFFERENT KINDS OF SAW TEETH.
I'M GONNA SHOW YOU ABOUT EACH AND EVERY ONE RIGHT NOW.
HERE'S THE CHAMPION TOOTH.
THAT'S ONE WE'RE INTERESTED IN HERE.
THIS IS EXTRA CHAMPION TOOTH HERE.
WE'VE GOT THE TUTTLE TOOTH, THE FEATHER EDGE TOOTH, UH, DOWN HERE THE DOUBLE HOOK TOOTH, THE ELECTRIC TOOTH, WHICH IS FUNNY BECAUSE I THINK OF THESE AS ALCOHOL-POWERED SAWS.
HERE'S THE PIONEER TUTTLE TOOTH, THE COMMON TOOTH.
THAT'S ONE GOING BACK TO THE MIDDLE AGES.
AND HERE IS THE MONARCH TOOTH, THE FAVORITE TOOTH.
I LIKE THAT THE BEST.
AND EXCELSIOR TOOTH, PREMIUM TOOTH, AND THEN DOWN HERE THE LANCE TOOTH.
LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THAT LANCE TOOTH.
THIS IS THE ONE THAT YOU SEE.
IT'S PROBABLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL AMONG THEM, IN FACT, IN A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT VERSION THERE.
YOU CAN SEE HOW IT'S 4 LANCE TEETH SEPARATED BY THE RAKER THERE.
SO YOU'VE GOT 4 CUTS IN EITHER DIRECTION THERE BEFORE THE RAKER TAKES THE TEETH OUT.
SO VERY LONG LANCE TEETH.
SO YOU GET A LOT OF SHARPENING OUT OF THIS BEFORE YOU HAVE TO GUM IT, MEANING CUT THE GULLETS DEEPER IN THERE.
SO I'VE GOT A COUPLE OF THOSE SAWS FOR US TO LOOK AT HERE.
HERE THEY ARE.
THERE'S TWO OF THEM, ONE OF EACH.
ALL RIGHT.
SO I'VE GOT-- LET ME SEE IF I CAN SEPARATE THEM OUT A LITTLE BIT HERE BECAUSE THEY'RE CONFUSED.
NOW THEY'RE A COMBINATION OF BOTH SAWS.
HANDLING A SAW LIKE THIS IS NOT AN EASY THING TO DO SAFELY THERE.
BUT LOOK AT THE TEETH ON THIS ONE.
THIS IS A CHAMPION TOOTH.
SO YOU SEE THE DOUBLE TEETH RIGHT THERE, TWO CUTTERS THERE, AND THEN THE RAKER IN BETWEEN.
SO IT GOES CUT, CUT, RAKER, CUT, CUT, RAKER AS YOU PULL BACK AND FORTH.
NOW I'M GONNA SLIDE DOWN THE... HA HA.
IF I CAN.
AND SEPARATE THIS GUY HERE.
THIS IS A PERFORATED LANCE TOOTH, AND PERFORATED LANCE TOOTH NOW HAS... OH, GOSH.
LET ME JUST MOVE THIS GUY OUT OF THE WAY.
A PERFORATED LANCE TOOTH HAS THE LANCE TEETH, BUT YOU CAN SEE HOW THEY'RE SEPARATED BY THE, UH... PERFORATIONS THERE, SO YOU CAN SHARPEN WAY DOWN.
YOU'RE SHARPENING, SHARPENING, AND THEN YOU HAVE TO SHARPEN THROUGH THE LITTLE BOND RIGHT THERE, AND THEN YOU CAN KEEP ON SHARPENING DOWN.
BUT YOU CAN IMAGINE, IF THESE WERE LEFT AS LONG AS THAT WITHOUT THAT LITTLE WEB RIGHT THERE, HOW, UH...YOU KNOW, FRAGILE THESE TEETH WOULD BE.
THEY WOULD BREAK OFF.
THEY'D SNAP OFF.
IMAGINE YOU'RE SAWING IN VERY, VERY COLD, COLD WEATHER.
SO YOU'D LOSE THOSE TEETH.
SO THIS HAS A SET OF 4 CUTTERS AND THEN FOLLOWED BY THE RAKER, 4 CUTTERS FOLLOWED BY THE RAKER.
SO WE'RE GONNA SEE HOW TO SHARPEN THESE THINGS, BECAUSE THAT'S A KEY THING.
I'D LIKE TO SHOW YOU HOW TO USE THEM, TOO.
SO IF YOU'LL GRAB THE OTHER END.
CAN YOU... COME ON.
HA HA!
NO?
ALL RIGHT.
WHAT ARE WE GONNA DO?
BECAUSE I WANT YOU TO SEE HOW... WELL, ALL RIGHT.
WELL, I DO HAVE A SOLUTION HERE.
UNTIL YOU CAN GET ON OVER HERE AND HELP ME WITH MY FIREWOOD, WE'RE GONNA USE A DIFFERENT DEVICE FROM THE LATE 1800's.
THIS IS A ONE-MAN SAWING MACHINE.
YES, INDEED, FOLKS.
THE ONE-MAN SAWING MACHINE, OR THE FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CORPORATION OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
THIS IS A LEVER-ACTION SAW.
IT'S GOT A CHAMPION-TOOTH SAW IN THERE.
AND I'M CUTTING A 116-YEAR-OLD ASH TREE WITH A HOLLOW.
YOU SEE THE FOLLOWER ON THERE PUSHING DOWN.
THAT THING IS FOR CUTTING SIDEWAYS.
THIS HAD THE MOST INCREDIBLE CATALOG, WITH TESTIMONIALS.
IT WOULD SAY, "I AM A ONE-ARMED VETERAN OF SHILOH, "THE BATTLE OF SHILOH, "AND YET I WAS ABLE TO CUT 9 CORDS OF HICKORY AND OAK "FOR MY FAMILY IN SIMPLY TWO DAYS.
"I WAS ABLE TO SPEND MORE TIME AT MY GRANGE MEETINGS, "MORE TIME AT CHURCH.
"MY CHILDREN WERE ABLE TO HAVE MORE HOT WATER FOR BATHING AND THUS ABLE TO ATTEND SCHOOL AND THUS ELEVATING MY FAM..." SO, YOU KNOW, ON AND ON.
JUST THESE GREAT TESTIMONIALS FROM THIS PATENTED SAWING MACHINE.
AND IT DOES WORK.
THE ONLY THING THAT IS TROUBLESOME ABOUT IT-- THE SAW IS ACTUALLY SWINGING IN AN ARC LIKE THIS DOWN AT THE BOTTOM.
SO INSTEAD OF HAVING THE ARMS HOLDING IT, WE'VE GOT THIS KIND OF PART OF A CIRCLE CUTTING.
OH, IT LOOKS LIKE I'M ALMOST THERE.
SO I'LL GIVE IT A FEW MORE CUTS, AND WE'LL HAVE THIS OFF.
THERE WE GO.
HEY!
ALL RIGHT.
YOU CAN SEE WHAT A GREAT INVENTION THIS WAS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE EARLY MANUFACTURERS OF WOODEN TOILET SEATS.
THIS WAS GREAT STUFF.
SO LET'S SEE HOW TO SET THIS GUY UP HERE AT THE START, BECAUSE WHAT REALLY MAKES IT WORK... IS THIS SIDE RIGHT HERE, THE GRIPPER.
I'LL PULL THE SAW BACK UP ON TOP.
AND I SWEAR, IT IS CALLED FOLDING.
THEY SHOW THE GUY WALKING ABOUT WITH THIS THING, READY TO GO AND SAW SOME WOOD.
BUT I TELL YOU, IT IS...
IT IS CRAZY TO CARRY.
THIS IS THE ACTION RIGHT HERE, THIS GRIPPER.
YOU CAN SEE THESE PINCERS, LIKE A...LIKAN ANT HERE, READY TO GRAB AND HOLD IT STEADY.
AND SEE HOW THAT'S READY TO GRAB?
I HAD TO PUT A...JUST PATCH IT UP WITH A NAIL THERE.
AND THIS THING WAS IN TERRIBLE SHAPE WHEN I GOT IT.
ANYWAY, THAT'S WHAT GRABS THE WOOD AND MAKES IT WORK.
SO IF I SET THIS ON HERE, LINE IT UP, AND THEY SHOW THE GUY CUTTING HUGE TIMBER, AND IT WILL DO IT.
SO NOW THIS GOES IN.
LET ME GET THE GRIP ON THERE.
I'LL GET MY HAMMER AGAIN AND HIT THE TEETH IN.
THERE'S A LITTLE PLACE TO STRIKE.
I MEAN, YOU NEED TO DO THAT WHEN YOU USE YOUR... FOLDING SAWING MACHINE, MODEL NUMBER ONE FOLDING SAWING MACHINE.
ALL RIGHT.
THAT'S READY TO GO.
AND AGAIN, THIS HAD ATTACHMENTS TO... OR EXTENSIONS THAT WOULD COME OUT TO ALLOW YOU SAW A TREE DOWN, YOU KNOW.
YOU'RE FELLING WITH THIS THING, HAVE IT SET UP HORIZONTALLY.
SO THERE IT GOES.
IT'S SAWING.
HA HA HA!
AND WE CAN SPEND THE REST OF THE DAY DOING THIS, BUT WHAT I'D RATHER DO IS SHOW YOU HOW TO GET AN EDGE ON THESE, THE BUSINESS END, GET AN EDGE ON THOSE TEETH.
LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT A PERFORATED LANCE TOOTH SAW.
SO HERE'S ONE SET UP IN A FRAME.
WE'LL TAKE A MINUTE JUST TO LOOK AT THIS.
THE TEETH ARE READY... READY TO BE SHARPENED.
WE'RE GONNA START WITH JOINTING.
THE SAW IS NOT CLEAN, THOUGH.
THAT'S THE FIRST STEP WE WOULD WANT TO DO.
BUT WE WANT TO JOINT IT.
NOW, JOINTING MEANS... WELL, LIKE IN ANY CASE OF JOINTING, WE'D TAKE A FILE AND RUN IT ALONG THE TOPS OF THE TEETH.
NOW, YOU CAN HOLD A FILE SQUARE.
YOU CAN MAKE A WOODEN FRAME TO HOLD IT SQUARE TO BRING ALL THE TEETH DOWN UNTIL YOU SEE A BRIGHT TIP ON ALL THE TEETH.
I'M NOT GONNA DO IT WITH THIS ONE, BECAUSE I GENERALLY DO IT BY HAND, BUT I HAVE SO MANY OF THESE DARNED LITTLE SAWING... OR, SORRY, SAW-FILING DEVICES.
THIS ONE IS MADE BY SIMONS, AS THEY LIKE TO CALL THEIR COMPANY.
IT LOOKS LIKE "SIMMONS."
BUT THIS IS ACTUALLY A JOINTER, HOLDS THE FILE, AND ACTUALLY BENDS IT TO THE ARC OF THE SAW.
THERE'S A LITTLE BIT OF CURVATURE IN THE SAW.
SO HERE THIS FILE NOW IS HELD AT 90 DEGREES TO THESE FACES RIGHT HERE, HERE AND HERE, 90 DEGREES.
RIDE THIS DOWN THE SIDE UNTIL WE HAVE ALL THE TIPS OF THE TEETH BRIGHTENED.
WHEN YOU SEE THAT BRIGHTNESS ON ALL THE TIPS OF THE TEETH ALL THE WAY DOWN THE SAW, THEN WE KNOW WE'RE READY FOR THE NEXT STEP, WHICH IS TO MOVE THESE DOWN A LITTLE BIT.
AND WE DO THAT AGAIN WITH THE SAME THING HERE.
I'LL TAKE THE FILE OUT.
THIS HAS THE RAKER SETTER RIGHT HERE.
BY UNDOING THIS SCREW ON THE BOTTOM, WE CAN MOVE THIS HARDENED STEEL PLATE LEFT AND RIGHT UP AND DOWN THIS RAMP.
AND THAT'S THE WAY THIS ONE ADJUSTS, THIS PARTICULAR ONE.
AND EXPOSE... OR ACTUALLY RE...
IT'S KIND OF AWKWARD TO SAY, BUT HERE IS AN AUTOMOTIVE FEELER GAUGE I'VE STUCK UNDER HERE.
.012 INCH.
AND THIS IS THE SHELF THAT THE TEETH OF THE SAW THAT HAVE BEEN JOINTERED ARE GONNA RIDE ON.
THIS FACE, THIS TOP HARDENED FACE, IS .012 BELOW THAT.
SO WHAT THAT DOES, WHEN I PUT THIS RIDING ON THOSE TEETH THAT HAVE BEEN JOINTED, NOT SHARPENED-- SO I CAN'T REALLY DAMAGE THEM, YOU KNOW, BY DOING THIS-- THESE STICK UP NOW, AND I CAN FILE THEM.
YOU CAN HEAR THAT WORK THE TWO RAKERS DOWN.
BECAUSE WE WANT THE RAKERS SLIGHTLY...
CUTTING SLIGHTLY AFTER THOSE TEETH.
SO THEY'RE GONNA BE SHALLOWER THAN THE CUTTING TEETH.
ALL RIGHT.
NOW, HAVING BROUGHT THOSE DOWN, I'M GONNA SWING THIS OVER... AND SHARPEN.
SO NOW WE TAKE A FILE AND WORK THOSE FACES DOWN.
SO IT'S...
I WORK ON ONE SIDE.
BRING IT...TO WHERE YOU GET THE FACET SHARPENED JUST TO THE CENTER OF THAT FLAT FACE.
ALL RIGHT.
AND I'LL TURN THIS OVER AND DO FROM THE OTHER SIDE.
BUT I'M GONNA DO ALL THE TEETH NOW THAT FACE ME HERE.
AND FILE TO THE CENTER OF THAT FACET UNTIL THAT FACET GOES AWAY.
YOU'VE GOT TO STOP THE INSTANT YOU SEE THAT FACET THAT YOU DID FROM THE JOINTING DISAPPEAR.
SO BRING THAT DOWN.
AND THEN THE RAKERS, WE FILE THEM SQUARE ACROSS.
SO THEY GO ABOUT LIKE THAT... AND LIKE THAT.
SO SQUARE ACROSS.
SO THESE RAKERS NOW ARE GOOD TO GO.
THESE ARE POINTED.
THE RAKERS HAVE ANOTHER THING YOU CAN DO, THOUGH, AND I'VE NEVER REALLY DONE THIS, BUT YOU CAN TAKE A HAMMER, AND...IF YOU'RE BRAVE, AND YOU TAP THESE OVER.
THIS IS CALLED SWEDGING.
TAP THEM OVER AND PUT MORE HOOK INTO THESE.
AGAIN YOU'VE GOT TO WORRY ABOUT HAVING THESE SITTING .012 SHALLOWER THAN THE CUTTING TEETH.
BUT I DON'T DO THAT VERY MUCH.
I JUST...I DON'T DO IT AT ALL ACTUALLY.
IT SCARES THE HECK OUT OF ME.
I DO IT JUST TO SHOW IT.
I JUST DO THESE SQUARE ACROSS SO YOU HAVE NICE SHARP RAKERS TO FOLLOW YOUR NICE SHARP CUTTERS.
NOW, THE FINAL THING WE'VE GOT TO DO IS TO SET THE TEETH NOW.
THE TEETH NEED TO STICK OUT TO EITHER SIDE LIKE THIS SO THAT THEY CUT A WIDER SWATH.
SO ALTERNATING TEETH GOING OUT IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.
THE RAKERS JUST STAY CENTERED, BUT THE TEETH NEED TO COME OVER.
NOW...SEVERAL WAYS TO DO THAT.
HERE I'VE GOT A SWEDGING HAMMER AND SET IN ONE.
AND THIS IS A SAW WREST.
YOU PUT THIS ON HERE-- W-R-E-S-T-- AND IT'S A LEVER.
DO YOU SEE HOW IT'S JUST NOTCHED?
AND YOU LEVER OVER THE TOOTH, JUST LIKE THAT.
THIS IS ONE.
IT'S JUST BEAUTIFUL.
JUST FORGED FROM AN OLD FARRIER'S FILE.
IT HAS THAT DRAGON-SKIN LOOK TO IT.
BUT AGAIN, BEND THE TEETH OUT LEFT AND RIGHT.
SCARY.
PRACTICE ON A... BEFORE YOU... YOU DON'T WANT TO BREAK THESE TEETH, BECAUSE AGAIN, THE DISTANCE YOU WANT TO SET THEM OUT IS THAT .012 INCH.
SO A HUNDREDTH OF AN INCH.
HERE WE GO.
I'M GOING TO NOW SET IT THE WAY RANGER MILLER TEACHES US TO DO IT, USING A DOLLY OR A LITTLE ANVIL HELD BEHIND.
SO INSTEAD OF A STUMP ANVIL, HE SAYS JUST HOLD AN ANVIL RIGHT HERE.
HE WROTE A GREAT BOOK CALLED "CROSSCUT SAW MANUAL: YOUR FOREST SERVICE AT WORK."
AND THEN WE'D DO THE OTHER SIDE.
I'LL KEEP ON COMING DOWN HERE A LITTLE BIT AND HIT THAT.
ALL RIGHT.
AND THAT GIVES US THE TEETH BENT OUT TO EITHER SIDE.
ALL RIGHT.
SO THAT'S IT.
WE CAN TUNE THAT UP A LITTLE BIT WITH A STONE DOWN EITHER SIDE.
BUT WHEN IT COMES DOWN TO IT, WHAT WE'VE GOT TO DO IS GET BACK TO SAWING.
SO THERE YOU GO.
THANKS FOR JOINING ME.
THIS IS ROY UNDERHILL HERE IN "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."
MAY THE GRAIN BE WITH YOU.
SO LONG.
LEARN MORE ABOUT "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" AND TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING ON OUR WEBSITE.
YOU CAN FIND US ONLINE AT pbs.org.
ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... [WIND BLOWING] [CAT MEOWS] [THUNDER] [CRASH] [HORN HONKING] WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE, PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WDWRIGHT'S SHOP."
ROY UNDERHILL IS THE AUTHOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S GUIDE: WORKING WOOD WITH WEDGE AND EDGE," AS WELL AS OTHER BOOKS ON TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING, ALL PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS AND AVAILABLE AT BOOKSTORES AND LIBRARIES.