ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... [WIND BLOWING] [CAT MEOWS] [THUNDER] [CRASH] [HORN HONKING] WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE, PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."
HEY, HELLO AGAIN, AND WELCOME BACK TO "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."
I AM ROY UNDERHILL.
SO GLAD YOU CAN BE WITH ME AGAIN TODAY, BECAUSE WE ARE GOING TO FINISH UP, MOSTLY FINISH UP-- WE NEVER FINISH EVERYTHING, BUT FINISH UP OUR LITTLE SHAKER TABLE.
WE'VE DONE THE FRAME, WE'VE MADE THE DRAWERS.
WE'RE GONNA SEE HOW TO DO THE TOP AND ONE ESSENTIAL ITEM, BECAUSE IF YOU LOOK AT THIS, IT DOES HAVE SHAKER DRAWERS, BUT HOW DO WE GET INTO THEM?
WE ARE LACKING ONE ESSENTIAL THING.
WE ARE LACKING SHAKER KNOBS.
SO WE HAVE TO TURN...
THERE THEY ARE.
LITTLE SHAKER KNOBS, THESE LITTLE WONDERFUL MUSHROOM-SHAPED ITEMS HERE.
AND WE WILL THEN PUT THAT ON THE FRONT OF OUR DRAWER SO THAT WE HAVE A NICE PULL THERE.
SO THAT SHAFT WILL GO THROUGH THE WOOD RIGHT THERE.
BUT LOOK AT THIS RIGHT HERE.
THIS IS VERY INTERESTING.
DO YOU SEE HOW THE SHAFT IS TAPERED HERE?
NOW, I GOT THAT FROM EVIDENCE FROM LOOKING AT A WONDERFUL BOOK, AN OLD BOOK OF SHAKER FURNITURE.
THIS WAS THE ANDREWS BOOK ON SHAKER FURNITURE.
IT HAS WONDERFUL PHOTOGRAPHS ALL THROUGH IT, AND ONE OF WHICH IS... YOU KNOW, IT'S JUST AN EARLY AND BRILLIANT STUDY OF SHAKER FURNITURE, ONE OF WHICH IS RIGHT THERE.
LOOK AT ALL THESE SHAKER KNOBS.
SO IF YOU GO AND SEE SHAKER FURNITURE MISSING THEIR KNOBS, MAYBE...WELL, I DON'T KNOW.
MAYBE THEY PUT THEM BACK WHEN THEY WERE DONE.
BUT NEVERTHELESS, LOOK AT THE SHAFTS ON THESE THINGS.
DO YOU SEE HOW SO MANY OF THEM ARE TAPERED IN THEIR LENGTH?
SO THEY'RE TAPERED DOWN.
NOW, THAT WILL MAKE THEM FIT BETTER INTO A ROUND HOLE, BUT I THINK THERE'S SOMETHING ELSE GOING ON THAT WE WILL DISCOVER.
SO WE'RE GONNA SEE ABOUT TURNING THESE LITTLE SHAKER KNOBS, AND WHAT'S GREAT IS WE CAN USE JUST SCRAPS, JUST SCRAP LIKE THAT, ANYTHING.
THIS IS A LITTLE BIT, ABOUT 1 1/4" HERE.
1 1/8" RATHER.
AND WE'LL TURN THESE KNOBS OUT LICKETY-SPLIT.
OK. WE'RE GONNA FIRST CUT THE DRIVE CENTER ON THIS.
AND SO I'LL DO THAT DOWN AT THIS END WITH THE KNOT HOLE IN IT.
AND SOMEWHERE...
I'VE GOT MY GAUGE.
WE'LL RUN THE GAUGE FROM ALL 4 SIDES OF THE SQUARE OF THIS LITTLE CHERRY CUTOFF THERE, AND THAT GIVES US A CENTER THAT WE WILL PUT INTO THE DRIVE CENTER.
SO I'M GONNA SAW THAT NOW.
SO RATHER THAN STAMPING THAT CENTER IN...
I JUST MAKE TWO SAW CUTS, AS I PREFER TO DO.
[BLOWS] DOWN THE GRAIN.
SO THAT'S GOT IT CENTERED, SQUARE.
TO CHUCK IT UP, WE'LL DO THE OTHER END AS WELL.
AND THIS IS WHERE THE KNOB WILL BE TURNED.
WE'LL TURN THE KNOB LIKE THAT OUT OF HERE.
BUT AGAIN I NEED THAT CENTER LINE.
SO ONE, TWO, THREE, AND FOUR.
AND THEN I'M GOING TO USE THIS TO BORE A LITTLE HOLE RIGHT THERE.
WHAT IS THIS I'M USING?
IT IS A TAPER REAMER.
LOOK AT THAT.
A LITTLE WONDERFUL, BEAUTIFUL TAPER REAMER, A VERY COMMON ITEM TO FIND IN 19th-CENTURY TOOL CHESTS, AND GUESS WHAT.
I THINK THAT'S WHAT ONE OF THE SECRETS IS OF THIS KNOB BUSINESS.
BUT THERE'S MORE.
WAIT.
THERE'S MORE.
LET'S GET TO WORK HERE.
ALL RIGHT.
SO I'LL TAKE THE KNOB AND RUB A LITTLE CANDLE WAX IN THAT END THERE, AND THAT WILL KEEP IT SPINNING TRUE.
AND NOW WE GO TO THE LATHE.
I'VE GOT A WONDERFUL BARNES NUMBER-3 FOOT-POWERED LATHE.
THIS IS FROM THE LATE 1800's.
IT'S A FOOT-POWERED LATHE.
I HAVE PEDALS DOWN THERE THAT TURN AND MAKE THE FLYWHEEL GO.
HERE'S THE DRIVE CENTER READY TO GO, AND IT TURNS WITH THOSE PEDALS, MAKING IT GO.
THE FLYWHEEL TUNES IT UP THERE.
AND I'M GOING TO, OF COURSE, CHUCK IT INTO THAT DRIVE CENTER LIKE THAT.
AND I HAVE ANOTHER DRIVE CENTER THAT'S OUT, AND IT IS NUMBER-ONE MORSE TAPER.
IN OTHER WORDS, THIS DRIVE CENTER IS THE SAME THING AS THIS ONE HERE.
IT'S JUST PUSHED INTO THE TAPER IN THE SHAFT, AND THAT'S WHAT HOLDS IT.
THIS WAS A VERY COMMON THING THROUGHOUT THE 19th CENTURY, THE TAPERED CHUCK.
AND I THINK THAT'S HOW THE TURNING IS DONE.
ANYWAY, YOU'LL SEE THE WAY I WORK IT.
SO I'M FITTING THAT SAWN SQUARE UP THERE.
AND NOW I'LL WORK THE DEAD CENTER, AS IT'S CALLED, UP HERE AT THIS END.
ALL RIGHT.
AND TIGHTEN IT UP, AND THERE WE ARE.
ALL RIGHT.
SO WE'RE CHUCKED UP AND READY TO TURN.
I'VE GOT THE TRACTOR SEAT HERE TO SIT IN.
AND WE'LL START-- OH, I'M GONNA START BY PUTTING ON MY SAFETY GOGGLES, JUST BECAUSE...
VERY OFTEN--I'M NOT GONNA SAY YOU DON'T NEED IT, BECAUSE THEN PEOPLE WILL SAY, "OH, YOU SAY YOU DON'T NEED IT."
BUT AGAIN, THIS IS A FOOT-POWERED LATHE, VERY DIFFERENT THAN--IF YOU HAVE A WATER-POWERED LATHE RUNNING OFF OF BELTS AND STUFF LIKE THAT, IT MIGHT BE DIFFERENT.
NEVERTHELESS, HERE WE GO.
I'M GONNA START TURNING, USING A SPINDLE GOUGE LIKE THIS RIGHT HERE, AND TURNING DOWN THAT SQUARE OF MY SCRAP INTO A LITTLE BIT BIGGER THAN AN INCH SHAFT.
AND WE CAN TELL WHEN THE... SOUND CHANGES FROM THAT BUZZING SOUND... [BUZZING SOUND] DOWN TO THAT SMOOTHER SOUND, THAT WE HAVE TAKEN OFF ALL THE CORNERS, AND WE ARE DOWN TO A SHAFT.
SO LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THAT THERE.
YOU CAN SEE HOW NICE AND POLISHED THAT IS.
NOW, AGAIN, I'M GONNA TURN IN THIS MANNER.
I'M GONNA HAVE THE SHAFT.
I'M GONNA HAVE TO TAKE MY GOGGLES OFF.
THEY'RE FOGGING UP SO BAD.
I'LL PUT THEM UP HERE.
OH, MAN.
THEY FOG SO BAD, I CAN'T WORK WITH THEM.
THAT'S A PROBLEM.
YOU GET THE SWEAT, AND I COULDN'T SEE WHAT I WAS DOING.
NEVERTHELESS, HERE'S THE SHAFT RIGHT THERE.
WE'RE GONNA TURN IT THIS WAY.
SOMETIMES PEOPLE WILL TURN THEM END TO END AND SUCH.
BUT THIS WAY JUST KEEPS THE VIBRATION-- I FOUND IT EASIER JUST TO TURN THEM ONE AT A TIME.
SO I'M GOING TO START LAYING OUT NOW.
I'LL GET IT UP TO SPEED AGAIN... AND WITH A PAIR OF DIVIDERS, I'VE SET IT TO DO THE SHAFT OF THE... LITTLE K-NOB.
AND HERE'S THE UNDERSIDE OF THAT MUSHROOM WITH A SECOND PAIR OF DIVIDERS.
AND THEN I'VE GOT A THIRD PAIR SET TO... LAY OUT THE BUTTON OF THE MUSHROOM UP HERE AT THE TOP.
SO I WILL NOW GO TO MY FIRST OF THE TURNING TOOLS.
WELL, I GUESS THE SECOND ACTUALLY.
THIS IS THE SKEW...
THE SKEW CHISEL, AND I'LL POKE IN EACH OF THESE LINES A LITTLE BIT BETTER.
AND THEN TURN OVER AND SHEAR DOWN TO THEM.
THAT WILL MAKE A LITTLE ABUTMENT RIGHT THERE AND ANOTHER ABUTMENT RIGHT HERE.
ANOTHER ABUTMENT.
AND THESE GIVE ME CONTROL.
THEY KEEP THIS NEXT TOOL FROM JUMPING OVER TO THAT SIDE, WHICH THEY SOMETIMES WILL TEND TO DO, AS YOU MAY OR MAY NOT SEE.
ALL RIGHT.
SO NOW, AGAIN, I'LL TAKE THE SPINDLE GOUGE WITH A VERY FLAT BEVEL ALL THE WAY AROUND.
THE SECRET TO SHARPENING-- I'LL SHOW YOU A LITTLE OF THAT-- IS TO HAVE A FLAT BEVEL SO THAT THIS IS WELL SUPPORTED ON THE WOOD AS YOU SLIDE ALONG... MOVING THAT CUT FROM THE LARGE DIAMETER DOWN TO THE SMALL.
WE'RE JUST KEEPING IT EVEN, TAKING THE SHAFT ON DOWN QUITE QUICKLY NOW.
I'M GONNA TURN THIS VERY SLOWLY NOW, THOUGH, SO YOU CAN SEE WHY I'M GETTING THESE PARTICULAR SPIRAL SHAVINGS LIKE THAT.
LOOK HERE.
I'M JUST GONNA TURN THE WOOD.
DO YOU SEE HOW THAT'S CONNECTING RIGHT THERE?
LOOK AT THAT.
IT'S CONNECTING WITH A... NOT THE POINT, BUT WITH THE SIDE OF THE POINT.
SO IT'S ACTUALLY A SKEW CUT AT ALL TIMES.
SO YOU HAVE THAT SPIRALING CUT OF GRAIN SHEARING OFF.
SO YOU'RE ALWAYS MAKING A DIAGONAL CUT WHEN YOU GO ACROSS THE GRAIN IN WOOD SPINDLE TURNING.
IT'S NOT SCRAPING.
YOU'RE NOT DOING THAT.
YOU'RE SHAVING THE WOOD WITH THE BEVEL RUBBING ON THE SURFACE.
THE BEVEL IS RUBBING.
AND THERE WE GO.
ALL RIGHT.
SO I'M GONNA LEAVE IT AT THAT.
I'VE ROUGHED IT IN ENOUGH RIGHT THERE.
NOW, LET'S SEE.
WHAT SHALL WE USE?
WE'LL TAKE THE PARTING TOOL.
SO THIS IS A DIFFERENT TOOL NOW.
A PARTING TOOL.
IT COMES DOWN TO THIS POINT, AND YOU CAN SEE THE SHARP CUTTING EDGE RIGHT THERE.
THAT GOES IN ACROSS THE GRAIN, AND IT HAS GOT TO BE SHARP, BECAUSE IT IS NOT-- IT DOESN'T HAVE THE ADVANTAGE OF THAT SKEW CUT.
IT JUST GOES STRAIGHT IN ACROSS THE GRAIN.
VERY NICE.
ALL RIGHT.
AND I'M GONNA TAKE THAT DOWN WITH THESE CALIPERS AS MY JUDGE TO JUST... JUST THE RIGHT POINT.
I'LL SHOW YOU.
ALL RIGHT.
THERE WE GO.
SO IT SLIPPED JUST OVER IT.
ALL RIGHT.
LET ME SHOW YOU WHAT THAT CALIPER IS SET FOR.
THIS IS ADJUSTED TO GIVE ME THAT DIMENSION RIGHT THERE.
SO I HAVE GOT THAT... HA HA... FITTED JUST PERFECTLY NOW.
OUR SECOND ONE IS RIGHT HERE.
NOW, I'M GOING TO DO ANOTHER BIT OF WORK NOT WITH THE PARTING TOOL AND THE CALIPER, BUT WITH ONE THAT'S INTEGRATED.
THIS ONE IS SET TO THIS END.
I DON'T WANT TO TOUCH IT BECAUSE THAT'S A SHARP CUTTING TOOL.
THIS IS A SIZING TOOL THAT'S ADJUSTABLE TO ANY SPECIFIC DIAMETER THAT YOU WANT.
THE WHOLE TRICK WHEN USING ONE OF THESE IS TO PULL BACK, PULL BACK THIS WAY WELL AND THEN EASE THE CUTTER DOWN INTO THE WOOD.
THERE YOU GO.
AND THAT HAS SIZED THE SMALL END OF THE TAPER.
SO DO YOU SEE WHAT I'M DOING?
I'M MAKING THIS TAPER THE SAME AS ON THE MORSE TAPER SO THAT IT CAN THEN CHUCK INTO THE FAR END.
ALL RIGHT.
LET'S BRING IT DOWN THE REST OF THE WAY.
WHAT SHALL WE USE?
I WILL USE A...
I'M GONNA USE THE SKEW.
ALL RIGHT.
SO I'LL TAKE THE REST OF THIS OFF WITH THE SKEW CHISEL.
I SAY GO FROM THE LARGE DIAMETER TO THE SMALL.
WELL, THIS TAPERS FROM MY LEFT TO RIGHT.
BUT IF I WORK CUTTING TO THE LEFT, I CAN BRING MOST OF IT DOWN TO LEVEL.
YOU SEE?
AND THEN TURN AROUND AND COME BACK THIS WAY.
SO USE THE SKEW CHISEL.
THIS...THIS REALLY RIDES FLAT ON THAT SURFACE AND ALLOWS ME TO BRING IT DOWN, AGAIN WITH THAT DIAGONAL CUT.
ALL RIGHT.
THERE WE GO.
SO THAT'S OUR TAPER ALL THE WAY DOWN MATCHING THE NUMBER-ONE MORSE TAPER IN THIS LATHE.
NOW HERE'S THAT BOTTOM OF THE MUSHROOM.
I'LL ROUGH THAT OUT REAL QUICK WITH THE SPINDLE GOUGE.
AGAIN, THERE'S THAT SPIRAL CUT COMING OFF, BECAUSE WE'RE MAINTAINING THE PROPER RELATIONSHIP OF THE TOOL, MAKING IT CUT, NOT SCRAPE.
ALL RIGHT.
NOW, THIS IS A LITTLE BIT TIGHT SPOT HERE TO GET INTO.
SO I'M GONNA CHANGE TO A SMALLER SPINDLE GOUGE.
THE PROBLEM WITH THIS ONE IS IT HAS A VERY LONG HANDLE, AND I HAVE TO LEAN WAY BACK TO USE IT.
THIS LATHE WITH THE TRACTOR SEAT THAT YOU SIT IN IS VERY NICE, BUT IT MAKES YOU... HA HA HA!
YOU NEED SHORTER GOUGES AND STUFF HERE.
NEVERTHELESS, YOU SEE AGAIN THE SAME TECHNIQUE, CUTTING WITH THE SIDE OF THE GOUGE.
NOW, I'VE GOT A LITTLE HOLLOW.
I CAN'T COME UP THE HILL HERE.
I'VE GOT TO GO DOWN THE HILL.
AND I'LL DO A LITTLE BEVEL THAT WAY.
ALL RIGHT.
LET'S SEE WHAT WE'VE GOT.
I'M JUST GONNA LEAVE IT AT THAT.
WE'VE DONE ENOUGH OF THIS.
THERE YOU GO.
SO YOU CAN SEE, THERE'S THE BOTTOM OF THE MUSHROOM COMING DOWN.
THAT COULD ACTUALLY USE A LITTLE BIT MORE.
COME ON.
LET'S SEE IF I CAN GET THAT.
THERE WE GO.
WE WANT THIS TO BE... PART OF AN OVAL, NOT OF A CIRCLE DOWN THERE.
SO I LIKE THAT UNDERCUT A LITTLE BIT BETTER.
I'M GONNA DO ONE MORE CUT.
I'M GONNA SHEAR BACK THIS WAY TO SMOOTH THIS PIECE.
BECAUSE I WANT TO HAVE THAT EDGE NICE AND SMOOTH.
AND THEN OVER.
ALL RIGHT.
SO NOW WE'RE GONNA TAKE THIS OFF USING THE PARTING TOOL.
AND DO YOU SEE?
THIS WILL KEEP THE GRAIN FROM TEARING RIGHT THERE TILL I CAN GET BELOW THE SURFACE.
AND JUST WORK MY WAY IN.
CUTTING DOWN.
ALL RIGHT.
NOW ONCE I'M DOWN ABOUT A QUARTER OF AN INCH, I'LL STOP WITH THE PARTING TOOL AND GO TO THE SKEW CHISEL.
SO HERE'S THAT SKEW AGAIN.
I'M GONNA PUT IT IN WITH THE LONG POINT DOWN.
AND JUST CUT IN, CUT IN FROM TWO POINTS UNTIL, POP, IT COMES OFF.
SO THERE WE ARE.
THERE'S OUR KNOB NOW.
WE HAVEN'T TURNED THE BELL END.
FOR THAT, WE'VE GOT TO PUT IT DOWN HERE IN THE CHUCK, DOWN HERE WHERE MY LITTLE FINGER IS THERE.
SO WE'RE GONNA TAKE THAT CHUCK OUT NOW.
SO...HA HA HA!
AH, IT SEEMS LIKE A LOT OF WORK.
BELIEVE ME, YOU COULD DO THESE QUITE FAST WHEN YOU'RE NOT TALKING ABOUT IT THE WHOLE TIME.
SO, LET'S LEAVE THAT.
NOW THIS IS READY TO GO IN.
SO THERE'S THAT, AGAIN, NUMBER-ONE MORSE TAPER.
AND IF I'VE GOT IT RIGHT, THIS WILL FIT RIGHT IN THERE.
THERE WE GO.
AND SHOULD SIT PRETTY STABLE.
I WANT TO TAP IT ONE AND MAKE SURE I'VE GOT IT IN THERE.
NOW, IT'S VERY EASY TO TAKE OFF TOO MUCH.
AND I'VE LEFT A WHOLE LOT OF WOOD DOWN HERE.
SO IT'S TEMPTING TO TAKE OFF A LOT AT ONE TIME.
YOU ONLY WANT TO TAKE ENOUGH THAT WILL COME OFF IN A SHAVING WHEN YOU DO THIS, BECAUSE JUST LIKE ANY KIND OF WOODWORKING, YOU WANT TO HAVE THE WASTE WOOD MOVING AWAY FROM THE KEEPER WOOD.
OK.
TIGHTEN YOU UP THERE.
ALL RIGHT.
NOW, SEE, THE REASON THAT PULLED OUT-- I TRIED TO TAKE TOO BIG A CUT.
SO TRY AND COME IN.
HERE WE GO.
AND ONE MORE.
IT'S VERY TEMPTING TO KEEP GOING ON THIS BECAUSE IT IS KIND OF FUN TO DO RIGHT THERE, DOING THIS DOWN.
AND I GET THAT LITTLE OFF RIGHT THERE.
AND I'VE LEFT A LITTLE BIT.
WELL, WHAT THE HECK.
I'M JUST GONNA SAY THAT.
I KNOW THAT'S NOT DONE, BUT LET'S MOVE ON.
I'M GONNA REACH UNDER HERE, AND WITH SOME SHAVINGS, BURNISH IT DOWN, AND THAT PUTS A NICE POLISH ON IT.
AND THAT'S OUR KNOB.
ALL RIGHT.
YOU CAN SEE THE GROWTH RINGS IN THERE.
I'M GONNA PULL IT OUT NOW, AND THAT'S IT.
SO NOW WE'VE JUST GOT TO PUT IT INTO OUR DRAWER FRONT.
ALL RIGHT.
SO LET'S GET ONE OF THE DRAWERS.
AND I'LL TAKE IT AND PUT IT IN THE VISE, AND WE'LL BORE OUR HOLE.
AH, NICE MATCHING CHERRY.
SO THAT'S IT.
JUST SAVE YOUR SCRAPS.
AND IT'S TOUGH TO DO WHEN IT'S WINTER AND YOU NEED FIREWOOD, THOUGH.
SO LET'S SEE.
NOW WE'VE GOT TO FIND THE CENTER OF OUR DRAWER FRONT.
I'M JUST LEAVING IT ALL CONNECTED.
IT'S NOT GLUED, SO I HOPE IT STAYS TOGETHER WHILE WE DO THIS.
I'LL FIND THE CENTER BY RUNNING A PENCIL THROUGH THE DIAGONALS.
YEAH.
ALL RIGHT.
AND THAT'S GOT US THE CENTER.
NOW I'LL USE THE JENNINGS BIT RIGHT THERE... AND BORE ON DOWN.
SO THIS BIT NOW, THIS ONE, IS SET FOR THE SMALLER OF THE DIAMETERS OF THE TAPER, OBVIOUSLY.
DON'T SET IT FOR THE LARGER.
SO THAT'S THE SMALLEST DIAMETER.
SEE HOW IT JUST STARTS IN THERE?
I'M GONNA NOW CHANGE OUT FOR THAT, UH...TAPER REAMER, THAT BEAUTIFUL TOOL HERE.
YOU FIND THESE A LOT, AS I SAY.
YOU LOOK IN A... TOOL CHESTS, THESE SHOW UP QUITE A BIT.
SO THE IMPORTANT THING HERE IS TO PAY ATTENTION, AS ALWAYS, BECAUSE IT IS EASY TO OVERDO THIS, SO SUDDENLY YOU'VE GOT LOOSE KNOBS.
NOT A...NOT A HAPPY CIRCUMSTANCE.
SO, SEE HOW THAT GOES IN A LITTLE FARTHER?
NOT FAR ENOUGH, BUT IT'S A GOOD GRIP.
AND DOWN...OOP.
DOWN A LITTLE MORE.
ALL RIGHT.
AND AGAIN, LIKE I SAY, DON'T GO... [BLOWS] DON'T GO TOO FAR.
THERE YOU GO.
AND LET'S JUST SAY THAT'S A GOOD KNOB.
ALL RIGHT.
SO WE ARE KNOBBED UP ON OUR DRAWERS THERE.
AND WE'RE BLOODIED UP, TOO.
IT LOOKS GOOD.
WHAT THE HECK?
WHO KNOWS?
ANYWAY, LET'S CARRY ON AND FINISH UP WITH THE LID NOW, AFTER I SHOW YOU A LITTLE BIT ABOUT... HOW TO SHARPEN THOSE THINGS, BECAUSE THAT REMINDS ME, IF I'VE GOT A CUT SOMEWHERE, IT'S BECAUSE I HAVE SHARP TOOLS.
SO I'M GONNA TAKE SOME OF THE TOOLS HERE.
LET ME GET ONE OF THE... JUST GET ONE REPRESENTATIVE OF EACH, SAY.
HERE'S A GOUGE, HERE'S A PARTING TOOL, AND HERE'S THE SKEW.
THESE ARE THE 3 TOOLS THAT I USED HERE.
THE GOUGE, AGAIN, A FLAT BEVEL ALL THE WAY DOWN THERE.
YOU CAN SEE HOW THAT'S SHAPED LIKE A FINGERNAIL THERE.
AND...BUT FLAT ON THE BEVEL, NOTHING ROUNDED.
AGAIN, FLAT HERE.
THIS IS ACTUALLY SLIGHTLY HOLLOW-GROUND AND THEN HONED.
AND THEN OUR SKEW, AGAIN FLAT ON BOTH OF THESE BEVELS, DEAD FLAT, FLAT BEVELS THAT RUB AGAINST THE WOOD.
THAT'S THE SECRET.
SO... EACH OF THESE NOW...
IT WOULD BE VERY HARD TO SHARPEN BY... WELL, HOW DO YOU SHARPEN A GOUGE?
YOU KNOW, IT'S ALL FULL OF CURVES.
THAT'S WHAT IT'S ALL ABOUT.
SO YOU DON'T WORK LIKE YOU WOULD WITH A PLANE IRON AND HOLD THIS AND MOVE IT AROUND ON YOUR STONE.
NO, INSTEAD--LET ME PUT SOME OIL ON THE STONE.
AND...GOOD.
ALL RIGHT.
AND THEN HOLD THE GOUGE OR WHATEVER TOOL YOU'RE USING ON THE EDGE OF THE... A CORNER OF THE WORK BENCH HERE WITH THE BEVEL SLANTED UP.
ALIGN THE STONE JUST PERFECTLY.
YOU'RE SIGHTING RIGHT DOWN...
I'M LOOKING RIGHT DOWN ON TOP OF THIS THING.
LOOKING DOWN ON TOP AND BACK AND FORTH, BACK AND FORTH LIKE THIS.
SO YOU WORK WITH COARSE STONE, FINER STONE, AND THEN FINISHING STONE, KEEPING THAT BEVEL FLAT, JUST ROLLING IT AND HONING IT LIKE THAT.
SO IT'S EASIER TO KEEP THE STONE IN MOTION AND THE GOUGE TURNING LIKE THAT.
YOU CAN THEN DO THE INSIDE WITH THAT BEVEL.
AND THAT'S IT.
SHARP TOOLS ALL THE WAY AROUND.
THE SAME TECHNIQUE ON EACH OF THESE, HOLDING THEM ON THE CORNER OF THE WORK BENCH AND THE MOVING THE STONE AS THEY GO.
ALL RIGHT.
SO THAT'S SHARP.
AND I PROMISED YOU THE TOP.
LET'S LOOK AT THE TOP NOW.
I'VE GOT SOME CHERRY HERE THAT I HAVE BEEN WORKING ON.
AND I HAVE BEEN JOINTING IT.
SO, CHERRY I DON'T HAVE WIDE ENOUGH.
AND I'M TRYING TO FIT IT ONE TO THE OTHER LIKE THIS, SO THAT I CAN GLUE UP A NICE TOP.
NOW, THE WHOLE THING IS A PROCESS OF WORKING IT DOWN WITH THE JOINTER PLANE.
SO YOU USE THIS PLANE HERE, THIS BEAUTIFUL...
THIS COULD BE FROM THE 1830's.
IT'S A SINGLE-IRON JOINTER.
THE CUTTER IS JUST RIGHT THERE, THE IRON AS WE CALL IT.
AND THIS LONG, LONG BED.
THAT'S WHAT STRAIGHTENS OUT THE WOOD TO MAKE A JOINT.
IT'S CALLED A JOINTER.
SO WE WORK IT DOWN.
AND YOU CAN SEE IT'S NOT CUTTING HARDLY AT ALL.
THE PROBLEM IS, WHEN IT DOES CUT, IT WILL CUT ON THE ENDS, LEAVING THIS SLIGHTLY CROWNED.
SO WHAT I HAVE TO DO IS NOW AND THEN COME BACK AND TAKE IT RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE WITH THIS.
THERE YOU GO.
AND YOU CAN SEE, BY TURNING IT DIAGONALLY, I'M SHORTENING THE EFFECTIVE BED OF THE PLANE SO IT CAN RIDE DOWN IN THE HOLLOW AND THEN GIVE IT ONE MORE...
THERE YOU GO.
ALL RIGHT.
SO THESE SHAVINGS, VERY FINE AS THEY ARE, ARE STRAIGHTENING THIS UP.
I DO THE SAME THING TO THE OTHER PIECE.
AND KEEP WORKING AND TESTING AND TRYING AND TESTING THE FACE UNTIL THEY ARE ALL IN THE SAME PLANE, TESTED WITH A STRAIGHTEDGE UP AGAINST IT.
SO ONCE IT'S RIGHT AND YOU FEEL THE DRAG AT BOTH ENDS.
SO IT'S NOT JUST PIVOTING IN THE MIDDLE, BUT IT'S TURNING WITH DRAG AT THIS END AND AT THIS END.
THAT'S WHAT YOU WANT TO GO FOR.
ALL RIGHT.
SO NOW WE CAN START THE GLUING.
I'VE GOT SOME HOT GLUE, SOME OLD HOT HIDE GLUE BACK HERE.
AND I HAVEN'T STIRRED IT IN A BIT, SO IT MAY BE RATHER LUMPY GRAVY.
BUT WE SHALL SEE.
SO I'M GONNA DO A VERY QUICK RUBBED JOINT WITH THIS GLUE THAT YOU...
THIS IS THE GREAT ADVANTAGE WITH THIS STUFF, IS YOU CAN DO A RUBBED JOINT WITHOUT CLAMPS.
I'M GONNA SET THESE TWO UP RIGHT NEXT TO EACH OTHER.
GOOD.
HOLD IT.
HOLD IT.
I'LL PUT A PLANE HERE TO HOLD IT.
AND THEN PAINT THE GLUE DOWN THE LENGTH OF BOTH PIECES.
AND I'VE GOT TO WORK FAST, BECAUSE THIS STUFF DOES NOT LIKE TO CHILL.
SO THIS IS HOT ANIMAL GLUE.
THIS IS THE OLD GLUE FROM THE PERIOD.
YOU GET IT IN GRANULAR OR CHUNK FORM, BEAD FORM, AND SOAK IT IN WATER OVERNIGHT AND THEN HEAT IT TO ABOUT 104 DEGREES, KEEP IT CONSISTENT, AND THERE YOU GO.
ALL RIGHT.
SO NOW THAT'S READY.
I'VE GOT IT ON BOTH PIECES.
NOW VERY QUICKLY, NOW TAKE THIS, FOLD IT TOGETHER, AND START RUBBING, AND WHAT THIS...
I DON'T KNOW EXACTLY WHAT IT DOES.
BUT IT'S CALLED A RUBBED GLUE JOINT.
AND JUST WORKING IT BACK AND FORTH, THE TACK INCREASES AND INCREASES TREMENDOUSLY UNTIL YOU CAN BARELY MOVE IT ANYMORE.
YOU CAN'T MOVE IT EVEN THE SLIGHTEST... WELL, YOU CAN MOVE IT THE SLIGHTEST BIT, AND IT'LL TEND TO SPRING BACK.
BUT NOW ONCE THAT'S DONE, IT'S SET UP.
YOU CAN TAKE THAT NOW AND JUST LET IT SET.
THAT'S ALL WE NEED TO DO.
DON'T NEED ANY HEAVY BAR CLAMPS IF WE'VE GOT A GOOD RUBBED GLUE JOINT.
LEAN IT OVER HERE TO SET UP.
GREAT.
WHOO!
ALL RIGHT.
SO HAVING DONE ALL THAT, I THEN LET THAT SET.
THAT'S GONNA TAKE A DAY TO SET UP.
HERE'S ONE THAT I'VE GLUED UP THE SAME WAY, AND I'VE STARTED SMOOTHING IT DOWN.
WE'LL TAKE A QUICK LOOK AT THAT.
JUST SET IT BETWEEN THE DOGS.
AND THERE ARE TWO TOOLS FOR THIS.
THERE'S A SMOOTH PLANE.
THAT'S THIS ONE, A LITTLE BABY BEAUTIFUL SMOOTH PLANE THAT TAKES A VERY FINE SHAVING.
I'M TAKING VERY FINE SHAVINGS OFF THE SURFACE, AND IT WORKS WELL ENOUGH THAT IT WILL GO THROUGH THESE KNOTTY AREAS THAT I CHOSE FOR THEIR STRUCTURE.
THEN FINISH THAT UP WITH A CABINET-- OR ACTUALLY DON'T FINISH IT UP.
THAT...THAT'S PERFECT THE WAY IT IS.
BUT A CABINET SCRAPER WILL DO THE REST, ALLOW YOU TO BRING DOWN THE KNOTTIEST OF KNOTS WITH A PROPERLY SHARPENED SCRAPER, TAKING THOSE WONDERFUL SHAVINGS.
SO THAT'S IT.
WE'VE GOT OUR... KNOBULENT DRAWER IN PLACE DOWN THERE, WE'VE GOT OUR TABLE TOP, AND WHO KNOWS?
WE MAY EVEN FINISH OUR LITTLE SHAKER TABLE ALL EQUIPPED WITH ITS KNOBS.
WELL, THANKS FOR JOINING ME.
THIS HAS BEEN ROY UNDERHILL HERE IN "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."
MAY THE GRAIN BE WITH YOU ALWAYS.
SO LONG.
[THEME MUSIC PLAYING] ANNOUNCER: LEARN MORE ABOUT "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" AND TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING ON OUR WEBSITE.
YOU CAN FIND US ONLINE AT pbs.org.
ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... [WIND BLOWING] [CAT MEOWS] [THUNDER] [CRASH] [HORN HONKING] WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE, PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."
ROY UNDERHILL IS THE AUTHOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S GUIDE: WORKING WOOD WITH WEDGE AND EDGE," AS WELL AS OTHER BOOKS ON TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING, ALL PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS AND AVAILABLE AT BOOKSTORES AND LIBRARIES.