Granada, Cordoba and Spain's Costa del Sol

HI, I'M RICK STEVES.

FOR MANY TRAVELERS,

THE QUINTESSENCE OF SPAIN IS FOUND HERE -- ANDALUCIA.

THE SOUNDS, SIGHTS, AND EXPERIENCES OF SOUTHERN SPAIN

ARE SHAPED BY WAVES OF HISTORY.

JOIN US AS WE ENJOY THE FOOD, MUSIC, DANCE AND ART

OF PERHAPS EUROPE'S MOST PASSIONATE CORNER -- ANDALUCIA.

FOR MANY, A TRIP TO ANDALUCIA

STARTS AND ENDS HERE ON THE BEACH.

SURE, THE COSTA DEL SOL IS GREAT FUN,

AND WE'LL BE BACK FOR A BREAK LATER.

BUT I ENJOY THE HEART AND SOUL OF THIS MULTIFACETED REGION

IN THE INTERIOR.

AFTER SPLASHING ON THE SUN-SOAKED BEACH,

WE'LL DANCE FLAMENCO AT A STREET PARTY,

SLICE HAM AS IF IT'S A GIFT FROM HEAVEN,

STUMBLE ONTO A MIDNIGHT PROCESSION,

ADMIRE THE SPLENDOR OF A FORMER MOORISH MOSQUE,

COOK PAELLA FOR THE ENTIRE NEIGHBORHOOD,

SHAKE OUR CASTANETS TO FIERY GYPSY MUSIC,

AND MARVEL AT THE ALHAMBRA.

JUST NORTH OF AFRICA,

SPAIN SITS IN THE SOUTHWEST CORNER OF EUROPE.

AND ITS FAR SOUTH IS THE REGION OF ANDALUCIA.

WE START IN GRANADA,

ENJOY NERJA ON THE COSTA DEL SOL,

AND FINISH IN CORDOBA.

SPRAWLING AT THE FOOT OF THE SNOW-CAPPED SIERRA MOUNTAINS,

GRANADA IS A THRIVING CITY OF ABOUT 300,000 PEOPLE.

VISITORS FOCUS ON ITS OLD CENTER,

WHERE LIFE HAS A GENTILITY THAT BELIES AN ILLUSTRIOUS PAST.

ONCE THE GRANDEST CITY IN SPAIN,

ITS POWER EBBED AND GLORY FADED.

IT WAS APPRECIATED MOSTLY BY ROMANTIC AGE ARTISTS AND POETS.

TODAY, IT HAS A DEEP SOUTH FEEL,

A RELAXED VIBE THAT SEEMS TYPICAL OF ONCE-POWERFUL PLACES

NOW PAST THEIR PRIME.

IN THE COOL OF THE EARLY EVENING,

THE COMMUNITY COMES OUT AND CELEBRATES LIFE

ON STATELY YET INVITING PLAZAS.

THE STORY OF GRANADA IS ALL ABOUT THE ISLAMIC MOORS.

IN THE YEAR 711, THESE NORTH AFRICAN MUSLIMS

CROSSED THE STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR

AND QUICKLY CONQUERED THE ENTIRE IBERIAN PENINSULA,

EVENTUALLY CONVERTING MOST OF ITS INHABITANTS.

THROUGHOUT THE MIDDLE AGES, FOR OVER 700 YEARS,

SPAIN WAS A PREDOMINANTLY MUSLIM SOCIETY

LIVING UNDER MUSLIM RULE.

AND THAT AGE SHAPES TODAY'S SIGHT-SEEING AGENDA.

GRANADA'S DOMINANT SIGHT IS THE ALHAMBRA,

THE LAST AND GREATEST MOORISH PALACE.

NOWHERE ELSE DOES THE SPLENDOR OF THAT CIVILIZATION,

AL-ANDALUS, SHINE SO BRIGHTLY.

FOR TWO CENTURIES, UNTIL 1492, GRANADA REIGNED

AS THE CAPITAL OF A DWINDLING MOORISH EMPIRE.

AS CHRISTIAN FORCES PUSHED THE MOORS FURTHER AND FURTHER SOUTH,

THIS PALACE WAS THE LAST HURRAH OF A SOPHISTICATED CIVILIZATION.

WHILE THE REST OF EUROPE SLUMBERED

THROUGH MUCH OF THE MIDDLE AGES,

THE MOORISH CIVILIZATION WAS WIDE AWAKE.

THE MATH NECESSARY TO CONSTRUCT THIS PALACE

WOULD HAVE DAZZLED EUROPEANS AT THAT AGE.

THE MOORS MADE GREAT GAINS IN ENGINEERING, MEDICINE,

EVEN CLASSICAL GREEK STUDIES.

IN FACT, SOME OF THE GREAT THINKING OF ANCIENT GREECE

HAD BEEN FORGOTTEN BY EUROPE BUT WAS ABSORBED INTO ISLAM

AND ACTUALLY GIVEN BACK TO EUROPE

VIA SCHOLARS HERE IN SPAIN.

THE CULTURE OF THE MOORS WAS EXQUISITE,

ARTFULLY COMBINING BOTH DESIGN AND AESTHETICS.

FACING A REFLECTING POND, THE HALL OF THE AMBASSADORS

WAS THE THRONE ROOM.

IT WAS HERE THAT THE SULTAN,

SEATED OZ-LIKE, RECEIVED FOREIGN EMISSARIES.

ITS WOODEN CEILING ILLUSTRATES A COMMAND OF GEOMETRY.

WITH 8,000 PIECES INLAID LIKE A GIANT JIGSAW PUZZLE,

IT SYMBOLIZES THE COMPLEXITY OF ALLAH'S INFINITE UNIVERSE.

ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY --

MOSTLY POEMS AND VERSES OF PRAISE FROM THE QURAN --

IS EVERYWHERE.

MUSLIMS AVOID MAKING IMAGES OF LIVING CREATURES,

THAT'S GOD'S WORK,

BUT DECORATING WITH RELIGIOUS MESSAGES IS FINE.

ONE PHRASE -- "ONLY GOD IS VICTORIOUS" --

IS REPEATED 9,000 TIMES THROUGHOUT THE ALHAMBRA.

LIKE THE SULTAN, WE CAN ESCAPE FROM THE PALACE

INTO WHAT WAS THE MOST PERFECT ARABIAN GARDEN IN ANDALUCIA.

THIS ROYAL SUMMER RETREAT, LUSH AND BURSTING WITH WATER,

WAS THE CLOSEST THING ON EARTH

TO THE QURAN'S DESCRIPTION OF HEAVEN.

IN FACT, ITS NAME -- THE GENERALIFE -- MEANT, ESSENTIALLY, THAT -- "THE GARDEN OF PARADISE."

WATER, SO RARE AND PRECIOUS IN MOST OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD,

WAS THE PUREST SYMBOL OF LIFE.

WHETHER PROVIDING FOR ITS 2,000 THIRSTY RESIDENTS,

MASKING SECRET CONVERSATIONS,

OR JUST FLOWING PLAYFULLY, WATER WAS INTEGRAL

TO THE SPACE THE ALHAMBRA CREATED.

FOR CENTURIES, EUROPE STRUGGLED

TO PUSH THE MOORS BACK INTO AFRICA.

THIS CAMPAIGN WAS CALLED THE "RECONQUISTA."

FINALLY, IN 1492, THE MOORS WERE DEFEATED.

THE VICTORIOUS CHRISTIAN FORCES

ESTABLISHED THEIR RULE WITH GUSTO,

HERE IN THIS LAST MUSLIM STRONGHOLD.

THIS VICTORY HELPED TO PROVIDE THE FOUNDATION

FOR SPAIN'S GOLDEN AGE.

WITHIN A GENERATION, SPAIN'S KING, CHARLES V,

WAS THE MOST POWERFUL MAN IN THE WORLD.

AFTER THE RECONQUEST, CHARLES BUILT THIS RENAISSANCE PALACE,

INCONGRUOUSLY, RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ALHAMBRA GROUNDS.

IT'S WHAT CONQUERING CIVILIZATIONS DO,

BUILD THEIR PALACE ATOP THEIR FOE'S PALACE.

THIS CIRCLE-IN-A-SQUARE STRUCTURE

WAS THE FINEST RENAISSANCE PALACE IN ALL OF SPAIN.

AND BACK DOWNTOWN, GRANADA'S CATHEDRAL FACADE,

ALSO BUILT SHORTLY AFTER THE RECONQUEST,

DECLARES TRIUMPH AS WELL.

IN FACT, ITS DESIGN IS BASED ON A TRIUMPHAL ARCH

AND IT WAS BUILT OVER A DESTROYED MOSQUE.

THE ADJACENT ROYAL CHAPEL IS GRANADA'S TOP CHRISTIAN SITE.

THIS FINE BUILDING PROVIDED A FITTING RESTING PLACE

FOR QUEEN ISABELLA OF CASTILE AND KING FERDINAND OF ARAGON,

WHO RULED DURING THE FINAL RECONQUISTA VICTORY.

SPANIARDS CONSIDER THIS COUPLE THE FIRST GREAT SPANISH ROYALS.

WHEN THESE TWO MARRIED, THEY COMBINED THEIR HUGE KINGDOMS,

AND BY MERGING ARAGON AND CASTILE,

THEY FOUNDED WHAT BECAME MODERN SPAIN.

WITH THIS POWERFUL NEW REALM, SPANISH ROYALTY WERE ABLE

TO FINANCE GREAT EXPLORERS, INCLUDING COLUMBUS,

AND ESTABLISH SPAIN'S GOLDEN AGE.

THE ROYAL TOMBS ARE RENAISSANCE IN STYLE.

THE PORTRAITS OF ISABELLA

AND FERDINAND ARE VITAL AND REALISTIC.

THEY SEEM TO CELEBRATE

THE HUMANISTIC SPIRIT OF THE RENAISSANCE,

AND WITH IT, A PROMISING FUTURE FOR SPAIN.

THE GILDED ALTAR IS ALL ABOUT THAT CHRISTIAN TRIUMPH --

CHRIST TRIUMPHS OVER SIN

AND CHRISTENDOM TRIUMPHS OVER ISLAM.

IN FACT, RELIEFS SHOW THE EVENTUAL FORCED CONVERSION

OF GRANADA'S MOORS, SHORTLY AFTER THE RECONQUISTA.

FOR A TIME, NEAR THE END OF ITS MOORISH PERIOD,

GRANADA WAS THE GRANDEST CITY IN ALL OF SPAIN,

BUT EVENTUALLY, WITH THE TUMULT THAT CAME WITH THE CHANGE

FROM MUSLIM TO CHRISTIAN RULE, THE CITY LOST ITS POWER,

SETTLED INTO A LONG SLUMBER.

TODAY'S GRANADA IS A DELIGHTFUL MIX

OF BOTH ITS MOORISH AND ITS CHRISTIAN PAST.

THE SILK MARKET, OR ALCAICERIA, WAS ORIGINALLY ACROSS THE STREET FROM THE MAIN MOSQUE.

SO TODAY IT STANDS ACROSS FROM THE MAIN CHURCH.

FILLED WITH PRECIOUS GOODS -- SALT, SILVER,

SPICES AND SILK -- IT WAS PROTECTED

WITHIN 10 FORTIFIED GATES.

TODAY, WHILE A TOURIST TRAP HOUSED

IN A MODERN RECONSTRUCTION, THIS COLORFUL MESH

OF SHOPPING LANES AND OVERPRICED TRINKETS IS FUN TO EXPLORE.

YOU'LL INVARIABLY MEET PERSISTENT GYPSY WOMEN

PUSHING THEIR FRAGRANT SPRIGS AND PALM-READING

AND THEN DEMANDING PAYMENT.

YOU CAN CONSIDER THEM AGGRESSIVE AND ANNOYING,

OR YOU CAN ZIP UP YOUR VALUABLES AND HAVE

A FUN AND SPIRITED GIVE AND TAKE.

OH, NICE!

A HANDY MINIBUS SERVICE LOOPS FROM DOWNTOWN

THROUGH SPAIN'S BEST OLD MOORISH QUARTER, THE ALBAYZIN.

INCREASINGLY AROUND EUROPE, MINIBUSES WIND LOCALS

THROUGH NARROW LANES OF OLD QUARTERS.

TOURISTS CAN HOP ON FOR A CHEAP AND SCENIC JOY RIDE.

THE ALBAYZIN, WITH FLOWERY PATIOS AND SHADY LANES,

IS A DELIGHT.

EXPLORING THESE LABYRINTHIAN BACK LANES

AND INVITING NEIGHBORHOOD SQUARES,

YOU FEEL THE ARAB HERITAGE

THAT PERMEATES SO MUCH OF ANDALUCIA.

ENJOY A DRINK ON A NO-NAME SQUARE.

SAVOR THE LAZY TEMPO OF GRANADA LIFE.

AN ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY OF YOUNG PEOPLE,

NICKNAMED "PIE DE NEGRO" --

OR "BLACK FEET," FOR THEIR BASIC EARTHINESS --

HANGS OUT IN THE ALBAYZIN.

[ SINGING IN SPANISH AND CLAPPING ]

AND GRANADA IS HOME TO TENS OF THOUSANDS OF GYPSIES,

OR ROMA PEOPLE.

WHILE THEIR NOMADIC CULTURE

MAKES TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT A CHALLENGE,

ONE VOCATION IN WHICH THEY EXCEL IS MUSIC.

[ CASTANETS CLACKING ]

IN THE EVENING, IN THE HILLY SACROMONTE DISTRICT,

GYPSY FAMILIES ENTERTAIN TOURISTS

WITH COLORFUL FOLKLORIC SHOWS.

THESE INTIMATE CONCERTS

ARE PERFORMED IN THE VERY CAVES

THAT ONCE HOUSED GRANADA'S GYPSY COMMUNITY.

iOLE!

iOLE!

ALONG WITH GYPSIES AND HIPPIES,

TOLERANT GRANADA HAS A SIZEABLE MUSLIM POPULATION.

A MODERN MOSQUE, BUILT IN 2003,

FITS IN WITH THE LOCAL ARCHITECTURE

AND COMES WITH A LIVE CALL TO PRAYER.

[ MUEZZIN CRYING ]

THE MUEZZIN CRIES "GOD IS GREAT" FROM THE MINARET

WITHOUT AMPLIFICATION, AS NON-MUSLIM NEIGHBORS INSISTED.

THERE ARE ABOUT 700,000 MUSLIMS IN SPAIN, AND THAT INCLUDES

NEARLY 10% OF GRANADA'S RESIDENTS.

TO LEARN MORE, WE'RE JOINED BY MALIK BASSO,

A MEMBER OF GRANADA'S MUSLIM COMMUNITY.

WOULD YOU SAY MOST OF THE SPANISH MUSLIMS

ARE IMMIGRANT LABORERS COMING OVER FROM AFRICA

FOR BETTER JOBS?

YES, MOROCCANS, ALGERIANS, TURKS, PAKISTANIS.

BUT, OF COURSE, THERE IS THE RECENT PHENOMENON

OF SPANISH MUSLIMS AS WELL.

BECAUSE YOU'RE SPANISH.

YES, I'M FROM BARCELONA.

SO TELL ME A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THIS MOSQUE.

WELL, IT WAS THE FIRST MOSQUE BUILT IN GRANADA

AFTER THE RECONQUISTA.

SO FOR 500 YEARS, THIS WAS THE FIRST

PURPOSE-BUILT MOSQUE IN GRANADA.

IT WAS PROMOTED

BY A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO WERE NATIVE

SPANISH MUSLIMS, BORN AND RAISED IN SPAIN.

ALTHOUGH IT CATERS FOR ALL THE MUSLIMS.

SO, HOW HAS THE PROCESS BEEN WITH COMMUNITY RELATIONS?

WELL, SOME PEOPLE WERE FEARFUL AT FIRST.

YOU KNOW, THE EFFECT OF THE MEDIA AND SUCH.

BUT 10 YEARS LATER, HERE WE ARE,

AND SOME OF OUR...

MOST VOCAL OPPONENTS ARE NOW OUR BEST FRIENDS,

BECAUSE THEY APPRECIATE WHAT WE'RE DOING

AND WHO WE ARE.

THE MOSQUE STANDS NEXT

TO ONE OF EUROPE'S MOST ROMANTIC VIEWPOINTS.

FROM THE ST. NICHOLAS TERRACE, AS THE SUN SETS,

LOCALS AND VISITORS ALIKE

ENJOY BOTH THE HISTORIC BACKDROP AND A CONVIVIAL MOMENT.

TO EXTEND THE MAGIC, GRAB A PRIME TABLE

AT ONE OF SEVERAL HISTORIC ALBAYZIN MANOR HOUSES,

CALLED "CARMENS," FOR DINNER.

YOU'LL PAY A BIT MORE, BUT I CAN'T THINK OF A BETTER WAY

TO CAP YOUR VISIT TO GRANADA.

FROM GRANADA, IT'S A TWO-HOUR DRIVE OVER THE MOUNTAINS

AND DOWN INTO EUROPE'S FUN-IN-THE-SUN HEADQUARTERS,

THE COSTA DEL SOL.

I FIND THIS STRIP OF MEDITERRANEAN COASTLINE

GENERALLY OVERBUILT AND VERY COMMERCIALIZED.

MALAGA, THE MAJOR CITY OF THE COAST,

IS A GOOD PLACE TO PASS THROUGH.

AND ALMOST ANYTHING EVEN RESEMBLING

A QUAINT FISHING VILLAGE IS LONG GONE,

REPLACED BY TIME-SHARE CONDOS AND GOLF COURSES.

THE BIG DRAW IS THE BEACHES.

THERE ARE PLENTY OF HOTELS,

AND SUN WORSHIPERS ENJOY THEMSELVES

IN SPITE OF THE CONGESTION AND LACK OF CHARM OR LOCAL CULTURE.

NEARLY EVERY COUNTRY FROM EUROPE'S DRIZZLY NORTH

TUCKS AN EXPATRIATE COMMUNITY SOMEWHERE ALONG THIS COAST.

THEY DON'T WANT TO LEAVE THEIR CULTURE, JUST THEIR WEATHER.

MY FAVORITE COSTA DEL SOL STOP IS THE RESORT TOWN OF NERJA.

WHILE CAPITALIZING ON THE HOLIDAY CULTURE,

NERJA HAS RETAINED SOME OF ITS CHARM.

THE CHURCH FRONTS THE SQUARE,

WHICH FRONTS THE BEACH, AND EVERYBODY'S OUT STROLLING,

EVENTUALLY WINDING UP

ON THE PROUD "BALCONY OF EUROPE" TERRACE.

THIS BLUFF, JUTTING JAUNTILY INTO THE SEA,

OVERLOOKS MILES OF COASTLINE.

A CASTLE OCCUPIED THIS SPOT FOR CENTURIES.

NERJA'S CASTLE WAS PART OF A 16th-CENTURY LOOKOUT SYSTEM.

AFTER RECONQUISTA FORCES DROVE OUT THE MUSLIM --

OH!

THAT'S RIGHT.

YOU DON'T COME TO THE COSTA DEL SOL FOR HISTORY,

YOU COME FOR FUN IN THE SUN AND RELAXATION.

AND RELAX IS WHAT COUNTLESS EXPAT RESIDENTS DO.

NERJA'S EXPATS ARE MOSTLY BRITISH.

LIKE MANY ALONG THIS COAST, THEY ACTUALLY TRY NOT TO INTEGRATE.

THEY ENJOY THEIR ENGLISH TV AND RADIO,

AND MANY BARELY LEARN A WORD OF SPANISH.

NERJA HAS SEVERAL WELL-EQUIPPED BEACHES.

THE ONE JUST BELOW TOWN RETAINS ITS FISHING VILLAGE CHARM.

FISHERMEN DO THEIR THING...

WHILE THE TOURISTS DO THEIRS.

THE HUMBLE COTTAGE EVOKES A BYGONE DAY.

SPANIARDS LOVE THEIR LITTLE BEACH RESTAURANTS.

A SHORT HIKE TAKES US TO A BROADER BEACH

THAT APPEALS TO DIFFERENT TASTES.

WHILE IT'S PACKED THROUGH THE SUMMER,

WE'RE HERE IN MAY, WHEN THE HEAT AND CROWDS ARE JUST RIGHT.

AYO'S PLACE IS FAMOUS

FOR ITS BEACHSIDE ALL-YOU-CAN-EAT PAELLA FEAST.

FOR 30 YEARS, HE'S BEEN COOKING UP

THIS CLASSIC SPANISH SPECIALTY.

TO CREATE THIS CULINARY WORK OF ART,

START WITH SOME JUNK PALLETS FOR FUEL

AND SLIP ON YOUR HANDMADE HEAT SHIELDS.

THEN, FRY UP AS MANY PIECES OF CHICKEN

AS CAN FIT IN THE PAN.

ADD JUST A PINCH OF GARLIC

AND ABOUT A WEEK'S PAY'S WORTH OF SAFFRON.

WHEN THE CHICKEN IS GOLDEN BROWN,

ADD A DOZEN SKINNED TOMATOES, AND AS MANY

RED AND GREEN PEPPERS AS YOU CAN STAND CHOPPING.

STIR EVERYTHING WITH A CLEAN SHOVEL.

NOW, ADD A LAUNDRY BIN OF ARBORIO RICE

AND JUST A DASH OF SMOKED, SWEET PIMENTOS.

STIR BRISKLY UNTIL THE RICE HAS BECOME COATED

WITH THE OILS AND SPICES.

ADD A FEW GALLONS OF STOCK

AND BRING TO A BOIL.

ADD ANOTHER PALLET IF NECESSARY.

MIX IN A BOATLOAD OF FRESH WHOLE SHRIMP.

WHEN THE RICE IS DONE, REMOVE,

REMEMBERING TO LIFT WITH YOUR KNEES,

AND LET SET FOR 10 MINUTES.

NOW, YOU COULD JUST STARE AT THE PRETTY COLORS AND TEXTURES,

BUT I RECOMMEND EATING IT FOR THE FULL EXPERIENCE.

DISH OUT SERVINGS DAINTILY AND GARNISH WITH A WEDGE OF LEMON.

FEEDS 48 HUNGRY VACATIONERS.

ADJUST RECIPE MEASUREMENTS ACCORDINGLY.

A HUNDRED-MILE DRIVE BACK INLAND

TAKES US TO THE CITY OF CORDOBA.

WHILE GRANADA WAS THE LAST MOORISH CAPITAL,

THE CAPITAL THROUGH THE GLORY DAYS OF MUSLIM RULE WAS CORDOBA.

TUCKED INTO A BEND OF ITS RIVER, CORDOBA HAS A GLORIOUS PAST.

WHILE ITS OLD WALL EVOKES A TOUGH HISTORY,

ITS ELEGANT CITYSCAPE AND CONVIVIAL SQUARES

SHOW A MODERN PRIDE.

AS IS TYPICAL OF ANDALUCIA,

IT'S A PEOPLE-FRIENDLY CITY FILLED WITH ENERGY AND COLOR.

CORDOBA'S CENTERPIECE IS A MASSIVE FORMER MOSQUE,

OR, IN SPANISH, MEZQUITA.

THIS HUGE RECTANGLE DOMINATES

THE TANGLED MEDIEVAL TOWN THAT SURROUNDS IT.

GRAND GATES LEAD TO THE COURTYARD.

IT WAS HERE, WHEN THIS WAS A MOSQUE,

THAT WORSHIPERS WOULD GATHER TO WASH

BEFORE PRAYER, AS DIRECTED BY MUSLIM LAW.

ENTERING, YOU STEP INTO A FOREST OF DELICATE COLUMNS

AND GRACEFUL ARCHES DATING FROM OVER A THOUSAND YEARS AGO.

AT ITS ZENITH, THIS MOSQUE WAS THE CENTER OF WESTERN ISLAM

AND THE HEART OF A CULTURAL CAPITAL

THAT RIVALED BAGHDAD AND CONSTANTINOPLE.

A WONDER OF THE MEDIEVAL WORLD, IT'S REMARKABLY WELL PRESERVED,

GIVING TODAY'S VISITORS A CHANCE TO APPRECIATE

ISLAMIC CORDOBA IN ITS 10th-CENTURY PRIME.

THE COLUMNS AND ARCHES SEEM TO RECEDE TO INFINITY,

AS IF REFLECTING THE IMMENSITY

AND COMPLEXITY OF GOD'S CREATION.

THE MIHRAB, THE FOCAL POINT OF WORSHIP IN A MOSQUE,

WAS BUILT IN THE MID-10th CENTURY.

IT'S RICHLY MOSAICED, WITH 3,000 POUNDS

OF TINY, MULTICOLORED GLASS AND ENAMEL CUBES.

A PAINTING IN THE ADJACENT TREASURY TAKES US BACK TO 1236,

WHEN CHRISTIANS CONQUERED THE CITY AND EVERYTHING CHANGED.

HERE WE SEE THE SPANISH KING,

ACCEPTING THE KEYS TO CORDOBA'S FORTIFIED GATE

FROM THE VANQUISHED MUSLIMS.

ACCORDING TO LEGEND, ONE MORNING MUSLIMS SAID THEIR LAST PRAYERS

IN THE GREAT MOSQUE.

THAT AFTERNOON, THE CHRISTIANS SET UP THEIR PORTABLE ROAD ALTAR

AND CELEBRATED THE FIRST MASS IN WHAT WOULD LATER BECOME

THIS GLORIOUS CATHEDRAL.

AS IF PLANTING A CROSS INTO ITS RELIGIOUS HEART,

THIS GRAND CATHEDRAL WAS BUILT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE MOSQUE.

TAKING TWO CENTURIES TO COMPLETE,

THE CATHEDRAL IS A GLORIOUS MIX

OF GOTHIC, RENAISSANCE, AND BAROQUE STYLES.

A STATUE, ACTUALLY CALLED SAINT JAMES THE MOOR-SLAYER,

STANDS NEXT TO THE ALTAR.

SWORD RAISED AS USUAL, JAMES IS BUSY CONQUERING MUSLIMS.

OTHER ART IS LESS PROVOCATIVE.

THE BAROQUE ERA CHOIR STALLS ARE MADE OF NEW WORLD MAHOGANY.

WITH EXQUISITE CARVING,

IT'S CONSIDERED ONE OF THE MASTERPIECES

OF 18th-CENTURY ANDALUSIAN BAROQUE.

AND, TOWERING OVER THE FORMER MOSQUE,

A BELL TOWER MAKES IT CLEAR THIS HUGE EDIFICE NOW HOUSES

A PLACE OF CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.

IN THE 10th CENTURY, WHEN A MINARET STOOD

WHERE THE BELL TOWER STANDS TODAY,

CORDOBA WAS ARGUABLY EUROPE'S GREATEST CITY.

IT WAS A CULTURAL CAPITAL

WITH PROBABLY 10 TIMES THE POPULATION OF PARIS.

IMAGINE THE CITY,

WITH PAVED STREETS, LIT AT NIGHT BY OIL LAMPS,

PIPED IN RUNNING WATER, HUNDREDS OF MOSQUES,

PALACES, AND PUBLIC BATHS.

IT WAS A CITY OF POETS AND SCHOLARS.

WHILE THINGS CHANGED LATER,

THE GOLDEN AGE OF AL-ANDALUS -- AS THIS SOCIETY WAS CALLED --

WAS MARKED BY A REMARKABLE SPIRIT OF TOLERANCE

AND COOPERATION AMONG ALL RELIGIONS.

TO LEARN MORE, I'M JOINED BY MY FRIEND AND FELLOW TOUR GUIDE,

ISABEL MARTINEZ.

SO, JEWS, CHRISTIANS,

AND MUSLIMS, ALL LIVING TOGETHER PEACEFULLY HERE.

YES, CERTAINLY, IT WORKED OUT,

DURING CERTAIN TIMES,

ESPECIALLY DURING THE 10th CENTURY.

THREE DIFFERENT CULTURES, TOGETHER?

WELL, THAT'S WHAT MOST OF THE PEOPLE THINK,

BUT I THINK IT'S MORE CORRECT TO SAY IT WAS ONE CULTURE

WITH THREE RELIGIONS, BECAUSE AT THE END, ALL THE PEOPLE HERE

TALKED ARABIAN LANGUAGE, COOKED THE SAME DISHES,

AND WORE THE SAME CLOTHES.

OKAY, ONE CULTURE, THREE RELIGIONS.

EXACTLY.

AL-ANDALUS.

MAGIC TIME.

CORDOBA'S NARROW, FLOWER-BEDECKED LANES

INVITE EXPLORATION.

WITH ISABEL'S HELP, A SIMPLE STROLL BECOMES MEANINGFUL.

NOTICE HOW NICE AND FRESH

THESE LITTLE STREETS ARE, RICK?

YES.

IT'S NARROWNESS AND WHITE-WASHED WALLS --

NATURAL AIR-CONDITIONING.

IT FEELS COOL.

IT'S BRILLIANT.

SO THIS BEAUTIFUL SHUTTER REMINDS US OF THE TIMES

WHEN THE WOMEN WERE HIDDEN FROM PUBLIC.

MUSLIM CORDOBA HAD HUNDREDS OF MOSQUES,

BUT MOST OF THEM WERE DESTROYED,

BUT SOME MINARETS SURVIVED AS CHURCH BELL TOWERS.

Steves: SO THIS WAS A MINARET FIRST,

AND NOW IT'S A BELL TOWER FOR THAT CHURCH.

CORDOBA'S CHARACTERISTIC PATIOS HAVE FUNCTIONED

LIKE OUTDOOR LIVING ROOMS SINCE ANCIENT ROMAN TIMES.

THEY'RE QUIET, AN OASIS FROM THE HEAT,

AND FILLED WITH FLOWERS.

LOCALS DECORATE THEM WITH PRIDE.

IN FACT, EACH YEAR, MANY COMPETE

AND OPEN THEIR PATIOS TO THE PUBLIC.

AND HERE, AS THROUGHOUT ANDALUCIA,

FESTIVALS FILL THE CALENDAR.

WE'RE HERE FOR THE FESTIVAL OF THE CROSSES,

WHERE EACH NEIGHBORHOOD PARTIES

AROUND ITS OWN CROSS MADE OF CARNATIONS.

CHURCH BELLS RING NOT ONLY A CALL TO PRAYER

BUT A CALL TO FIESTA.

NEIGHBORS PACK THE SQUARES FOR A COMMUNITY PARTY.

THIS BARRIO ENTERED FOR THE FIRST TIME THIS YEAR.

THEY WON, AND THEY'VE BEEN REVELING EVER SINCE.

[ SINGING IN SPANISH ]

MAJOR SQUARES HOST BIGGER EVENTS.

I FIND EXPERIENCING TRADITIONAL FLAMENCO CULTURE,

CELEBRATED BY AND FOR THE LOCALS,

BEATS ANY TOURIST SHOW.

[ TRUMPETS BLOWING FANFARE ]

HERE IN ANDALUCIA, REVELRY AND RELIGIOSITY

SEEM TO GO HAND IN HAND, AS THE SAME PASSION AND ENERGY

IS PUT INTO LONG, SOBER RELIGIOUS PROCESSIONS,

WHICH CLOG THE CITY'S NARROW STREETS.

TRUMPETS BLARE A FANFARE.

CHILDREN CARRY CANDLES.

AND EVERYONE RUNS TO THE STREETS TO BE PART OF THE PROCESSION.

MANY OF THESE SAME LOCALS WILL PARTY ON SQUARES

UNTIL LATE INTO THE NIGHT.

OTHERS WILL SIT DOWN TO A CLASSIC ANDALUSIAN DINNER.

ISABEL HAS INVITED US TO BODEGAS CAMPOS,

A HISTORIC AND VENERABLE HOUSE OF EATING,

FOR OUR OWN FESTIVAL OF ANDALUSIAN SPECIALTIES.

AND HERE IN ANDALUCIA, NO SPECIAL MEAL STARTS

WITHOUT THE PORCINE GOLD STANDARD --

JAMON IBERICO.

THIS IS A SPECIAL JAMON.

JAMON.

JAMON IBERICO.

WHY DOES IT TASTE SO GOOD, THE JAMON IBERICO?

BECAUSE THE PIG LIVED OUTSIDE.

OKAY, SO HE'S RUNNING AROUND.

IT LIVES IN THE COUNTRYSIDE, IT'S FREE.

Steves: AFTER THE JAMON IBERICO, THE PLATES JUST KEEP ON COMING.

THIS PLACE SPECIALIZES IN TRADITIONAL ANDALUSIAN FARE,

RUSTIC FOOD THAT ORIGINATED WITH THE PEASANTRY.

AND A FEW DISHES HAVE A MOORISH INFLUENCE.

BUT IF THERE'S

ONE COMMON DENOMINATOR TO ALL THE FOOD, IT'S...

OLIVE OIL.

OLIVE OIL?

DEFINITELY.

Steves: THE FINALE -- DEFINITELY FOR CARNIVORES ONLY --

IS PORK FROM THE IBERIAN BLACK PIG,

AND -- WHAT COULD BE MORE SPANISH?

-- BULL'S TAIL.

WE'VE HAD NINE DIFFERENT PLATES.

WE LOVE EATING AND SITTING AROUND THE TABLE FOR HOURS.

IT'S LIVING WELL.

YEAH, THAT'S ANDALUSIAN LIFE STYLE.

YOU WANT A RECIPE FOR A WONDERFUL TRIP?

BLEND HISTORY, CULTURE, LOCAL FRIENDS AND GREAT FOOD.

I HOPE YOU'VE ENJOYED OUR LOOK

AT SOME OF THE HIGHLIGHTS OF SOUTHERN SPAIN.

I'M RICK STEVES.

UNTIL NEXT TIME, KEEP ON TRAVELIN'.

ADIOS.

OKAY, SO WE'LL START TALKING

AT THAT LITTLE PIECE OF POOP THERE, OKAY?

BUT I ENJOY THE MULTIFACETED

HEART AND SOUL OF THIS MULTIFACETED REGION

WITH A MULTIFACETED VISIT

TO THE INTERIOR FIRST.

SPAIN WAS A PREDOMINANTLY

MUSLIM SOCIETY

LIVING UNDER MUSLIM RULE.

IMAGINE THE CITY -- PAVED STREETS,

LIT AT NIGHT BY RUNNING WATER,

PIPED IN LAMPS POWERED BY OIL.

HA HA HA!