The Shaker Bend

MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP"

IS PROVIDED BY...

[THUNDER]

[CAR ALARM BLARING]

WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE.

PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

CAPTIONING MADE POSSIBLE BY FRIENDS OF NCI

HEY, WELCOME BACK TO "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

I'M ROY UNDERHILL.

SO GLAD YOU COULD BE WITH ME AGAIN TODAY.

NOW, I'VE GOT TO SAY, WHAT IS IT WITH THOSE SHAKERS?

THEY DRIVE ME NUTS.

I MEAN, YOU KNOW, HERE THEY ARE.

THE SHAKERS-- THEY LIVED SIMPLY,

THEY LIVED COMMUNALLY, AND THEY LIVED CELIBATELY.

AND I GUESS IF YOU CAN ONLY DO TWO OUT OF THREE, YOU'RE FOREVER CONDEMNED TO NEVER MEASURE UP TO THE QUALITY OF THEIR WORK,

BECAUSE THEY HAVE SUCH A GREAT REPUTATION

FOR MAKING WONDERFUL FURNITURE,

BUT I'VE GOT TO TELL YOU, IT COMES FROM A LONG LINE, JUST LIKE THIS--

THE BEAUTIFUL OVAL SHAKER BENTWOOD BOXES.

NOW, THE SHAKERS DIDN'T INVENT THE OVAL BOX OR THE WOODEN BOX LIKE THIS,

BUT THEY PERFECTED THE FORM TO SUCH BEAUTY AND GRACE THAT IT BECOMES A CLASSIC, SOMETHING THAT IS ETERNALLY MODERN,

AND THEY DID THAT BY STRIPPING AWAY

ALL EXCESS DECOR.

OH, MAN.

WELL, MAYBE IT DOES PAY TO KEEP YOUR MIND FREE OF IMPURE THOUGHTS AS YOU WORK.

NEVERTHELESS, WE'RE GOING TO CARRY ON WITH OUR LITTLE CABINET.

THIS IS THE ENFIELD CABINET.

STARTED DOING THE FRAME LAST TIME.

LET'S LOOK AT WHAT WE DID.

I'VE GOT THE FACE FRAME HERE.

I CAN PULL THAT OFF.

IT'S JUST TENONED IN.

AND YOU CAN SEE THE DADOES THERE.

THERE'S ONE OF THE DADOES, A LITTLE CROSS-GRAIN SLOT THAT WE DID IN THE SIDE TO LET THAT SHELF BE HELD RIGHT THERE.

AND THEN, OF COURSE, WE TONGUE-AND-GROOVED THE BACK AND RAN A LONG DECORATIVE BEAD DOWN THERE.

SO THAT'S A LONG-GRAIN BEAD DOWN THE EDGE OF THE TONGUE-AND-GROOVE JOINT.

THAT'S EASY TO DO, BUT WHEN WE GET TO THE DOOR, THERE'S GOING TO BE A TROUBLESOME BEAD.

ALL RIGHT.

AS WE SHALL SEE.

BUT WE ACTUALLY-- BOY, WE STARTED OUT DOING THE MOLDINGS HERE.

WE'RE GONNA DO THE MOLDINGS FIRST.

AND I SAY, YOU KNOW, THEY STRIPPED AWAY ALL EXCESS DECOR.

THIS IS NOT EXCESS.

THIS IS JUST ESSENTIAL, UH, TO DO THIS CROWN MOLDING RIGHT HERE.

SO WE'RE GONNA DO THIS CROWN MOLDING, AND IT'S IN TWO PIECES.

WE'VE GOT AN ASTRAGAL HERE, AND THEN A COVE AND BEAD IT'S CALLED.

NOW, THE BOOK THAT THIS CAME FROM--

LET ME GET THIS OUT OF THE WAY.

THIS IS THE DOOR.

IT HAS THE TROUBLE TO IT.

THE BOOK THAT IT CAME FROM,

"SHOP DRAWINGS OF SHAKER FURNITURE,"

IS JUST A BRILLIANT BOOK HERE.

I WAS LOOKING FOR THE PLANE

BECAUSE THIS IS AMAZING RIGHT HERE.

LOOK AT THIS MOLDING.

THERE'S THAT COVE AND BEAD.

HE DID IT FULL SIZE.

I WAS THINKING, WELL, HOW CAN I ROUGH THAT IN AND THEN DO THAT BEAD?

OH, THAT'S GONNA BE A PAIN.

BUT I WENT AND LOOKED THROUGH THE TOOLS, AND DARNED IF I DIDN'T COME ACROSS A PLANE FROM THE SAME PART OF THE COUNTRY FROM THE SAME TIME PERIOD THAT FITS EXACTLY.

SO HERE'S THAT WOODEN PLANE THAT DID THAT COVE AND BEAD OR THAT CAN DO THAT COVE AND BEAD.

SO WE'RE GOING TO USE THAT PLANE TO MAKE IT.

ALL RIGHT.

SO WHY DON'T WE START WITH THAT?

I LUCKED OUT.

WE'LL START WHERE IT WAS EASY.

AND INSTEAD OF DOING THE COVE AND BEAD--

SO HERE'S A SIMPLE ONE, A COVE AND BEAD,

JUST DOING IT WITH THE PLANE DIRECTLY--

WE'RE GONNA BLOCK IT IN.

SO INSTEAD OF DOING THIS PATTERN ALL WITH THAT ONE PLANE

AND BRINGING ALL THAT PROFILE DOWN, FIRST OF ALL, WE'RE GOING TO WORK HORIZONTALLY, I GUESS LIKE THIS MORE,

AND WE'RE GONNA TAKE AWAY A LOT OF THE WOOD

WITH A VERY EASY-TO-SHARPEN PLANE.

THIS IS THE STRAIGHT-ACROSS IRON ON THIS PLANE RIGHT HERE.

YOU CAN SEE HOW THE IRON OR THE CUTTER RIGHT THERE, THAT IS STRAIGHT ACROSS, AND SO THAT IS EASY TO SHARPEN,

WHERE LOOK BY COMPARISON AT THE COVE-AND-BEAD.

THAT IRON IS ALL CURVY AND VERY DIFFICULT TO SHARPEN.

SO WE DON'T PUT WEAR ON THIS.

WE PUT IT ON THIS.

AND THAT MAKES IT MUCH EASIER.

SO LET'S ROUGIT IN.

I'VE GOT IT BACK HERE IN THE DOGS.

AND JUST WORK ALONG AND... CUT THAT SHOULDER DOWN THAT IS THE PRELIMINARY CUT FOR MAKING OUR COVE AND BEAD MOLDING.

SO I'M GETTING AT THAT PLANE IS- THE COVE AND BEAD.

THERE WE GO.

THAT'S IT.

THERE'S OUR SHOULDER CUT BY THE MOVING FILLISTER, AND WHEN THE DEPTH STOP TOUCHED, IT STOPPED CUTTING.

ALL RIGHT.

SO NOW WE'RE GONNA CARRY ON WITH IT.

AND I'M GONNA TRIM IT DOWN A LITTLE BIT WITH ANOTHER PLANE JUST TO BRING THAT IN.

IN OTHER WORDS, THE SHAKERS WEREN'T INVENTING THESE MOLDINGS OUT OF WHOLE CLOTH OR WHOLE WOOD.

THEY WERE PRETTY STANDARD PROFILES AND DESIGNS.

JUST REALLY FINE CRAFTSMANSHIP IS WHAT MADE THE DIFFERENCE.

AND TRULY THEY WERE CONCENTRATING ON THEIR WORK, NOT ON FOOLING AROUND.

THERE WE GO.

THEY WERE INSTRUCTED TO WORK

AS IF THEY WOULD LIVE A THOUSAND YEARS

AND AS IF THEY WOULD DIE TOMORROW.

NOW, WHAT THAT MEANS, I REALLY HAVE NO CLUE.

BUT NEVERTHELESS, THAT'S WHAT THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO DO.

NOW, I'M WORKING A LITTLE SHORT PIECE HERE OF MOLDING.

UH...AND THAT SHOULD MAKE IT GO FASTER, BUT SOMETIMES IT MAKES A PLANE CHOKE

BECAUSE YOU DON'T HAVE ENOUGH VELOCITY

TO GET THAT SHAVING FEEDING ALL THE WAY OUT.

BUT IT LOOKS LIKE WE'RE DOING ALL RIGHT HERE.

ALL RIGHT.

I'M ALSO PUSHING VERY HARD IN THIS DIRECTION, PUSHING INTO THE WOOD WITH THE PLANE.

THERE WE GO.

BOTTOMING OUT.

AND ALSO HOLDING THE PLANE

AT WHAT'S CALLED THE SPRING ANGLE.

ALL RIGHT.

THAT'S TILTED OVER.

AND THAT'S IT.

WE'VE ABOUT BOTTOMED OUT.

IT DOESN'T WANT TO CUT ANY MORE.

ALL RIGHT.

NOW WE TAKE THOSE SHAVINGS THAT WE HAVE,

BUNCH THEM UP, AND JUST RUB THE MOLDING THAT WE MADE.

AND THAT BURNISHES IT.

ALL RIGHT.

NOW YOU'RE THINKING, WHAT THE HECK?

THIS IS ON A VERY LONG PIECE OF WOOD.

YOU CAN SEE THE MOLDING THERE.

THERE'S THAT COVE AND BEAD, BUT IT'S DOWN THERE AT THE BOTTOM.

IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE WHAT WE WANT, WHICH IS THIS PIECE RIGHT HERE.

SO ESSENTIALLY WE'RE GONNA JUST SAW IT OFF.

THAT'S ALL WE'LL DO.

SO I'LL TAKE IT TO ANOTHER SHAKER MACHINE

THAT MAY SURPRISE YOU--

A CIRCULAR SAW.

A CIRCULAR SAW.

NOW, THE SHAKERS, ONE OF THE SHAKER SISTERS

IS ALLEGED TO HAVE INVENTED THIS IN THE EARLY 19th CENTURY.

SHE WAS WORKING AT HER LOOM WITH THE LOOM RATCHET, YOU KNOW, THAT HOLDS THE THREADS AND EVERYTHING.

AND SHE LOOKED OUT AT THE GUYS SAWING BACK AND FORTH, CUTTING WOOD, AND SHE LOOKED AT HER LOOM RATCHET WITH THE SAW TEETH ON IT,

AND SHE LOOKED AT THE GUYS SAWING WOOD, AND SHE SAID, "AH, A CIRCULAR SAW."

AND SO THE SHAKERS ARE ACTUALLY ALLEGED TO HAVE INVENTED THIS.

I THINK THEY WERE AROUND BEFORE THAT, BUT NEVERTHELESS, IT'S A GREAT STORY, BECAUSE THEY WERE VERY MODERN PEOPLE, INTO MACHINES.

HERE WE GO.

I'M USING A FOOD-TREADLE SAW HERE.

[SAW WHIRRING]

THERE WE GO.

HA HA HA!

THAT'S GREAT.

ALL RIGHT.

I'M GONNA LET THAT...

COAST DOWN.

NOW, WHAT'S REMARKABLE-- THIS MACHINE...

THE MOTOR AUTOMATICALLY DETECTS CONTACT WITH HUMAN FLESH.

NEVERTHELESS, THE SHAKERS WOULD BE USING STUFF LIKE THAT AS WELL AS-- WELL, THERE YOU GO.

THERE'S OUR MOLDING RIGHT ERE.

OUR MOLDING IS ALL CUT OUT.

SHAKERS WOULD BE USING SAWS LIKE THAT,

BUT THEY WOULD BE POWERED BY WATER.

SO THIS IS VERY ROUGH ON TOP.

WE COULD GO WITH IT.

BUT I'LL GIVE IT A STROKE OF THE PLANE

JUST TO CLEAN IT OFF HERE A LITTLE BIT.

ALL RIGHT.

SO I'VE GOT MY LONG PLANE.

AND THERE WE ARE.

I'VE REMOVED THE CIRCULAR SAW MARKS,

BUT MY POINT IS,

IF YOU SEE CIRCULAR SAW MARKS ON AN OLD SHAKER PIECE, DON'T THINK, "WELL, THEY DIDN'T HAVE THOSE BACK THEN."

THEY SUPPOSEDLY INVENTED THE DARNED THINGS.

SO, NEVERTHELESS, THERE'S ONE OF THE MOLDINGS.

NOW WE'VE GOT THE UPPER PART.

WELL, HERE.

LET'S LOOK AT THE PICTURE PROFILE.

SO WE'VE MADE THIS PART RIGHT HERE.

ALL RIGHT.

AND THAT IS CALLED A COVE AND BEAD, AND IT LOOKS LIKE THAT WHEN WE HOLD IT UP.

NOW WE'VE GOT TO DO THIS UPPER PART HERE, A LITTLE ASTRAGAL, A BEAD ON TOP OF A PIECE.

NOW, WE CAN DO THAT WITH A PLANE

SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THAT,

BUT THAT WILL BE EASY.

THAT WOULD NOT REQUIRE THE DISCIPLINE THAT WE NEED.

SO WE'RE GONNA ACTUALLY DO AN EASIER WAY.

I'M GONNA USE A TONGUING PLANE.

THIS IS THE PLANE THAT WE USE TO CUT THE TONGUE IN, UH... WELL, FOR TONGUE AND GROOVE.

YOU CAN SEE IT'S GOT A SLOT RIGHT THERE.

THE IRON IS ACTUALLY CUT DOWN THE MIDDLE.

SO THERE'S A GAP TOOTH IN THERE.

AND YOU SEE HOW THE TOOTH, THE CUTTER HAS GOT A VOID IN THERE, AND SO THAT WILL LEAVE THE RAISED PART

THAT WE'LL THEN ROUND OVER.

SO WE'RE ACTUALLY USING THIS PLANE

MADE FOR DOING TONGUES OF TONGUE AND GROOVE TO DO THIS.

SO HERE WE ARE.

NOW, IF YOU DON'T KNOW ABOUT THE SHAKERS, GOSH, A FASCINATING EVENT IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

IT WAS A COMMUNALIST GROUP.

THEY HELD ALL THEIR PROPERTY IN COMMON,

WORKED TOGETHER, AND THEY HAD BUSINESSES.

UH, THEY WERE, AGAIN, CELIBATE.

THEY HAD TO INCREASE THEIR POPULATION BY ADOPTION AND BY INVITING OTHERS IN

AND ADOPTING ORPHANS THERE.

AND THEY WERE FOUNDED BY, UH... GOSH, WAS IT MOTHER ANN, I GUESS, DID THIS...

FOUNDED THIS RELIGIOUS GROUP, THIS WONDERFUL AMERICAN GROUP.

SHE WAS FROM ENGLAND,

AND SHE HAD TERRIBLE MISCARRIAGES, MANY, MANY, LOST MANY CHILDREN, STILLBIRTHS,

AND PROBABLY HAD, WE KNOW NOW, AN RH-NEGATIVE ISSUE HAPPENING THERE.

SO THAT'S BEADED.

WELL, NEVERTHELESS, SHE GO UH, YOU KNOW...

BOY, YOU KNOW, "HAVING CHILDREN IS NOT THE THING TO BE DOING."

SHE CERTAINLY HAD A BAD EXPERIENCE WITH IT.

AND PEOPLE FOLLOWED HER AND DID THESE WONDERFUL SOCIETIES.

AND YOU CAN VISIT THEIR PLACES TODAY

ALL THROUGH THE COUNTRY.

NEVERTHELESS, LOOK AT THAT.

LET'S GET TO THE MOLDING HERE.

THERE'S THE MOLDING ALL DONE.

WE'VE GOT THE UPPER PART THAT WE JUST DID, THE LITTLE ASTRAGAL,

AND THAT GOES ONTO OUR COVE AND BEAD.

AND WE'LL TAKE THIS AND PUT IT ON THE CHEST UP HERE.

ALL RIGHT.

OR OUR CABINET.

SO THIS IS GONNA GO ON.

WE'LL MITER THE CORNERS AND SO FORTH.

I'M GONNA LEAVE THAT RIGHT NOW,

BECAUSE I WANT TO GET ON TO THE DOOR

AND THE PROBLEMS THAT WE MAY HAVE WITH THIS DOOR.

NOW, THERE'S PARTS OF THIS DOOR THATRE STANDARD.

THE FRAME.

IN FACT, IT'S ALL STANDARD.

IT'S JUST A DOOR.

IT'S JUST A DOOR.

YOU KNOW, THE SHAKERS JUST DID REALLY NICE, SIMPLE DOORS.

AND THIS IS HELD TOGETHER WITH MORTISE AND TENON JOINTS.

LET ME KNOCK IT APART A LITTLE BIT.

SO WE'VE GOT TONGUES AND SOCKETS.

THERE WE GO.

SO YOU SEE THE TENONS THERE

AND THE MORTISES THAT GO THROUGH

AND A GROOVE THAT'S PLOWED ALL THE WAY DOWN.

SO WE'VE GOT THE TENONS, THE MORTISE, THE GROOVE,

AND INSIDE THAT GROOVE IS, OF COURSE,

THAT'S WHERE THE PANEL FITS HERE.

AND IT'S THIS PANEL THAT'S GOING TO GIVE US A FIT, BECAUSE...WELL, I'LL GET BACK TO IT AGAIN.

WELL, LET ME SHOW YOU NOW, BECAUSE I WANT YOU TO GUESS WHAT THE PROBLEM IS.

LET'S LOOK AT THE DRAWING AGAIN.

HERE'S THE PICTURE OF THE DOOR THAT HE SHOWS.

NOW, HIS DRAWINGS ARE VERY, VERY GOOD.

YOU LOOK AND SEE RIGHT HERE.

HE CALLS OUT A BEAD, A 5/16" BEAD,

AROUND THE PANEL, AND IT'S AROUND THE PANEL.

IT'S NOT AROUND THE FRAME.

NORMALLY WE'D THINK OF THE FRAME BEING BEADED

AND THEN THESE CORNERS MITERED

SO THAT YOU CAN RETURN THE BEAD AROUND THE CORNER.

RIGHT?

YOU JUST DON'T HAVE THEM BUTTING UP TO EACH OTHER.

WELL, IF YOU LOOK HERE IN THE CROSS-SECTION THAT HE SHOWS,

IT'S SHOWN THAT IT'S ACTUALLY THE PANEL THAT IS BEADED, AND THAT'S FINE IN LONG GRAIN, BUT I'LL LET YOU-- IF SOMEBODY'S SITTING WITH YOU THAT DOESN'T KNOW, YOU CAN EXPLAIN TO THEM WHY THAT IS TOUGH,

GOING ACROSS THE TOP AND THE BOTTOM OF THE PANEL.

WE'LL SEE THAT IN JUST A SECOND.

LET'S GET ON WITH THE MORTISE AND TENON PART.

I'LL LET YOU CONTEMPLATE THE EVILS

OF THAT PATTERN THAT WE JUST SAW.

SO HERE WE GO.

WE'VE LAID OUT OUR MORTISE AND TENON.

WE'LL LAY OUT A PIECE USING A MORTISING GAUGE SO EVERYTHING LINES UP.

AND NORMALLY WHEN WE LAY OUT THE MORTISES AND CHOP THEM, WE WOULD WORK WITH A MALLET AND CHISEL.

AND OF COURSE, CERTAINLY MANY OF THE SHAKERS WORKED WITH A FINE MORTISING CHISEL LIKE THAT TO CHOP THE MORTISES USING A MALLET AND SO FORTH.

BUT THEY WERE INVENTIVE, VERY INVENTIVE, VERY MODERN FOLKS, AND I HAVE SEEN SHAKER MORTISING MACHINES.

AND SO THAT'S WHAT WE'RE GONNA USE.

NOW, THE ONE I'VE SEEN ACTUALLY USES A KNEE JOINT.

THIS IS THE ONE WE'RE GONNA USE.

A MORTISING MACHINE IS SIMPLY A FOOT-OPERATED CHISEL.

SO I PUSH MY FOOT DOWN HERE.

I'LL PULL THE-- THERE WE GO.

PUSH MY FOOT DOWN.

ALL THE TRAVEL OF THAT FOOT ACTUALLY MEANS A LITTLE BIT OF TRAVEL UP ON E CHISEL.

SO THAT LONG STROKE DOWN THERE MAKES A LITTLE STROKE UP HERE.

SO YOU HAVE A TREMENDOUS MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE.

AND THIS CHISEL FLIPS ABOUT THERE AND LINES UP TO CHOP THE MORTISE.

SO HERE'S ONE ALL THE WAY DONE.

I'M GONNA DO ANOTHER ONE RIGHT HERE.

WE CANNOT, HOWEVER, JUST START CHOPPING.

WE ACTUALLY HAVE TO BORE THE HOLE FIRST.

SO WE'LL GET ON WITH THAT.

AND THAT'S ODD.

YOU'LL SAY, "WELL, WHY?

"WHAT'S SO WRONG WITH BORING THE HOLE?

DON'T YOU BORE A LOT OF HOLES?"

NOT IN HAND WORK.

USUALLY YOU'LL CHOP A MORTISE LIKE THAT

JUST BY USING THE CHISEL ALONE, NOT BORING A LOT OF HOLES AND THEN TRYING TO REMOVE THE SHRAPNEL.

SOMETIMES YOU DO THAT, BUT NOT VERY OFTEN.

SO LET'S GO AHEAD AND BORE THE HOLE HERE

THAT WE NEED FOR THIS JOB.

WE'VE GOT TO HAVE A LITTLE CHIP-RELIEF HOLE.

SO I'LL BORE HALFWAY THROUGH FROM ONE SIDE.

THERE WE GO.

AND DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH,

DUH, DUH, DA.

OK. THAT'S HALFWAY THROUGH.

AND NOW WE'LL COME FROM THE OTHER SIDE

AND SEE IF CAN MEET THOSE TWO HOLES IN THE MIDDLE, AND THAT WILL GIVE A PLACE FOR THE CHIPS TO GO AND ALLOW THIS CHISEL,

THIS FOOT-OPERATED MORTISING CHISEL TO DO ITS BEST WORK.

ALL RIGHT.

DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH.

DOWN, DOWN, DOWN.

AND THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO NOW WE'RE THROUGH, AND WE PULL OUT.

OK.

SO NOW WE'VE GOT JUST A LITTLE PLACE

FOR THE CHIP TO GO.

THAT'S GONNA REALLY HELP THIS MORTISING MACHINE DO ITS JOB.

SO WE'LL TAKE IT ON OVER AND PUT IT IN.

I HAVE IT ALL LINED UP.

I HAVE TO STAY ALIGNED WITH THE FACE SIDE.

SO AM I ALIGNED?

NO.

I HAVE THE WRONG SIDE OUT.

THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO HERE WE ARE.

I'M GONNA WORK

WITH THE CHISEL FACING THE OTHER WAY THAN I USUALLY DO,

AND JUST PUSH DOWN, AND A LITTLE BIT OF THAT CHIP WILL BE PUSHED INTO THAT QUARTER-INCH HOLE WE MADE.

YOU CAN SEE I'M GOING DEEPER EACH TIME BECAUSE EACH CUT CAN GO DEEPER BECAUSE OF THE ROOM MADE BY THE CUT THAT PRECEDED IT.

TURN THE CHISEL AROUND AND COME BACK.

AND LOOK HOW DEEP WE'RE GOING NOW.

AND IN JUST TWO PASSES, I'M OVER HALF--

I'M HALFWAY THROUGH.

AND DOWN.

AND THERE WE GO.

THERE WE ARE.

ALL RIGHT.

AND AGAIN.

I JUST WANT TO MAKE SURE EVERYTHING IS GOOD.

AND...UH.

ALL RIGHT.

NOW WE'LL TURN IT OVER IN THE MACHINE.

SO AGAIN, KEEPING THAT FACE SIDE ALIGNED AGAINST THE WALL.

YOU HAVE TO FLIP IT IN THAT MANNER.

THERE'S OUR HOLE.

AGAIN WE'LL RUN THE CHISEL AROUND AND PUSH THE SHAVING INTO IT.

AND DOWN.

AND WE'RE ALREADY THROUGH.

WE'VE ALREADY CONNECTED WITH THE OTHER SIDE.

AND WORK OUR WAY ALONG.

ALL RIGHT.

AND FLIP AROUND AND COME BACK.

WHOO!

THERE'S QUITE A BIT OF NICITY GETTING THIS THING ALIGNED SO THAT WHEN YOU TURN IT ABOUT, IT DOES END UP IN THE SAME SLOT.

YOU WANT IT TO BE ALIGNED IN THE SAME SLOT

WHEN YOU FLIP THAT THING AROUND.

A BEAUTIFUL MACHINE.

AND THE ORIGINAL PINSTRIPE.

THIS IS FROM ABOUT, UH... OH, GOSH.

1880's.

BUT REALLY THE SHAKERS WERE STILL OPERATING,

GOING STRONG EVEN THEN.

SO HERE WE ARE.

I'VE GOT A LOT OF DEBRIS DOWN IN THERE.

I'M GOING TO FIND SOMETHING I CALL A CORE DRIVER.

HERE IT IS.

AND IT'S SOMETHING THAT GETS ALWAYS THROWN AWAY.

SO THAT'S WHY I'VE GOT A ROPE RING AROUND IT,

SO NOBODY WILL TOSS IT IN THE TRASH.

AND ALL IT IS IS JUST A BLOCK OF WOOD

TRIMMED DOWN, HARDWOOD.

BUT IT'S GOT THE END SQUARED OFF

SO IT WILL PUNCH THE WOOD OUT.

LET ME SEE IF I CAN BE LUCKY

AND GET IT TO PUNCH THE WOOD ALL THE WAY THROUGH-- GOOD--WITHOUT IT GETTING JAMMED IN THERE.

SO IF WE HAD A WEDGE-SHAPED THING,

THAT COULD GET CAUGHT.

AND I THINK WE'VE GOT A LITTLE BIT OF WOOD THERE.

SOMETIMES A KNIFE IS A REAL GOOD WAY TO DO IT.

JUST CUT THE SHAVINGS IN HALF.

AND THERE WE ARE.

THERE'S OUR MORTISE.

ALL RIGHT.

IT LOOKS PRETTY GOOD THERE.

YOU CAN SEE RIGHT ON THROUGH THERE.

YES, SIR.

HA HA HA!

ALL RIGHT.

THAT IS A PRECISE MORTISE.

SO A NICE JOB.

THIS IS HOW WE DO OUR DOORS.

SO, THE SHAKERS USING VERY MODERN MACHINES FOR THEIR TIME, CUTTING THE FRAME ALL THE WAY AROUND.

THEY'LL THEN GROOVE IT, CUT THE TONGUES.

LET'S LOOK AT THAT PANEL AGAIN.

WE'VE GOT ONE PANEL READY TO GO HERE, SITTING RIGHT HERE, DONE AS ILLUSTRATED.

AND IT'S GOT THE BEAD ON THERE.

BUT YOU NOTICE IF I DID IT WITH A PLANE,

HOW WOULD I GET IT TO STOP RIGHT THERE?

I DON'T HAVE A BULLNOSE PLANE, AS WE'D CALL IT, TO CUT RIGHT INTO THAT CORNER.

IT DOESN'T GO ALL THE Y THROUGH.

AND IF YOU NOTICE, BY THE WAY,

ALL THESE OTHER PLANES WE'RE WORKING,

THEY HAD TO GO ALL THE WAY THROUGH.

SO WE'D HAVE LINES CUTTING OUT HERE AND CUTTING OUT HERE.

HOW DO YOU DO THIS?

WELL, LET'S TAKE A LOOK.

I'VE GOT THE-- WELL, ONE WAY YOU CAN DO IT.

THAT'S A GREAT DEAL OF THE FUN OF THIS WORK, IS FIGURING OUT HOW DO THEY DO IT.

I'M WORKING FROM THE BOOK.

DIFFERENT CHALLENGE, DIFFERENT WAY OF PLAYING THE GAME.

IF I HAD THE REAL ARTIFACT,

WELL, THEN IT WOULD BE PRETTY EASY TO DO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO I'M GOING TO START THIS PANEL, ONE OF THE-- SECOND PANEL FOR THAT DOOR FOR THIS LITTLE CABINET.

IT'S LIKE CHRISTOPHER SCHWARZ HAS WORKED ON MAKING THIS SAME CHEST.

HE SAYS THE ENFIELD SOCIETY, THE GROUP OF SHAKERS WHO MADE THIS,

THEIR BIG THING WAS SEEDS.

THEY MADE SEEDS, SEED PACKETS.

SO THIS IS PROBABLY A SEED CABINET.

SO HERE WE GO.

WE'LL WORK THIS DOWN.

HAVE I GOT THE RIGHT PLANE?

NO.

NO.

I'VE GOT THE WRONG ONE.

I HAVE ONE SET FOR A DIFFERENT SETTING.

HERE WE ARE.

A LITTLE BETTER NOW.

ALL RIGHT.

SO I'LL BRING THIS DOWN...

AS WE DID BEFORE.

AND I CAN DO THE OTHER WAY AGAIN.

AND THEN WE'LL TAKE IT UP AND RUN THAT BEAD IN THERE, USING ABOUT THE SIMPL--

TALK ABOUT "'TIS A GIFT TO BE SIMPLE."

THIS IS ABOUT THE SIMPLEST TOOL YOU CAN IMAGINE.

SO HERE WE ARE CHANGING AROUND.

WE'LL DO THE LONG-GRAIN CUT NOW.

SO WE START WITH THESE RABBETS.

THESE RABBETS AS THEY'RE CALLED,

THESE SHOULDERS ARE ESSENTIALLY...

THEY'RE FORMING A TONGUE ALL THE WAY AROUND THAT WILL GO INTO THE GROOVE IN THE DOORFRAME.

AND WE'VE GOT TO MAKE SURE WE'RE ALL THE WAY DOWN.

ALL RIGHT.

SO, NOW,

HOW ARE WE GONNA DO THAT STOPPED BEAD?

THE SHAKERS WERE MODERN, BUT I DON'T THINK THEY WERE USING ROTARY CUTTERS FOR THIS.

NO, THEY'RE DOING IT WITH A VERY SIMPLE TOOL.

LET'S DO THE END GRAIN FIRST,

BECAUSE THAT'S THE CHALLENGE.

IT'S THE END GRAIN THAT WOULD REALLY--

BECAUSE YOU COULD DO THIS WITH JUST A PLAIN OLD SCRAPER.

AND I'LL PUT A HOLDFAST ON IT.

HERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO NOW WE'VE GOT THAT SHOULDER.

HOW ARE WE GOING TO BEAD THAT?

WELL...THE SHAKERS DID HAVE THESE.

ALL RIGHT.

SO HERE WE ARE.

SO THIS IS JUST A SCREW PUT INTO-- A FLAT-HEAD SCREW WITH A SINGLE SLOT THERE

PUT INTO A BLOCK OF WOOD,

JUST EXTENDING OUT FROM THE BLOCK OF WOOD,

AND WE USE IT AS A CUTTER ACROSS THE GRAIN.

SO THIS IS A VERY OLD WAY OF BEADING, USING A WOOD SCREW.

I DON'T KNOW WHO CAME UP WITH THIS,

T YOU FIND THAT THE INSIDE OF THAT SCREW HEAD DOES THE ROUNDING-OVER.

THE TOP FLAT HEAD DOES THE FLAT, SHARP WALL THERE ON THE INSIDE, AND YOU GET A NICE BEAD.

ALL RIGHT.

THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO NOW TO BRING THAT AROUND THE REST OF THE WAY, I'LL USE A BLOCK PLANE AND TURN THAT OVER.

SO THIS MAY BE THE WAY THEY DID IT.

THERE YOU GO.

SO WE GET A NICE BEAD AROUND IT THAT WAY.

I'M GONNA TURN IT AGAIN AND DO THE LONG GRAIN NOW.

AND WE'LL BE READY TO BRING THIS DOWN

AND FIT IT INTO THE DOOR FRAME.

ALL RIGHT.

SO THERE AGAIN JUST A WOOD SCREW SET IN,

PROTRUDING JUST THE DISTANCE WE NEED.

OOP.

I NEED TO GET THAT UP A LITTLE BIT FARTHER.

AND ON LONG GRAIN, IT CUTS REAL NICE.

IT'LL ACTUALLY TURN A SHAVING OUT.

THERE WE GO.

SO BRING IT ON DOWN LIKE THAT.

SO THAT'S HOW YOU DO IT.

IF YOU'RE GOING TO DO A STOP BEAD ON A PANEL

INSTEAD OF ON THE FRAME, HA HA HA,

YOU'VE GOT TO HAVE SOMETHING LIKE THIS.

THERE WE GO.

AND SO NOW WE CAN ROUND THAT OVER AGAIN AND BRING THAT DOWN.

ALL RIGHT.

AND THERE'S OUR PANEL WITH THE BEAD ON IT.

SO THERE ARE OTHER WAYS YOU CAN DO IT,

BUT YOU CAN'T DO IT WITH A REGULAR PLANE COMING THROUGH.

SO NOW...

THERE'S OUR PANEL.

IT NEEDS A LITTLE BIT OF SHAVING DOWN THE BACKSIDE IN ORDER TO GO TOGETHER,

BUT THAT WILL FIT INTO THE DOOR, AND WE'LL PUT THAT TOGETHER TO MAKE THAT FRAME.

SO I'LL TELL YOU, ALL THIS SHAKER STUFF,

THEY GET A MAGICAL QUALITY TO THEM, LIKE THEY HAD SOME MYSTICAL POWER TO DO THIS KIND OF WORK.

UH...BUT IN TRUTH, IT IS JUST GOOD CRAFTSMANSHIP.

THEY MADE THESE THINGS TO LAST.

THEY MADE THEM FOR THE COMMUNITY.

AND THEY MADE THEM AS A GIFT TO ALL OF US.

ALL RIGHT.

SO THERE'S OUR DOOR GOING TOGETHER ON OUR LITTLE ENFIELD CABINET.

ALL RIGHT, SHAKERS, WELL, MAY THE-- AND YOU, MAY THE GRAIN BE WITH YOU.

THIS IS ROY UNDERHILL HERE IN "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME.

SO LONG.

LEARN MORE ABOUT "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP"

AND TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING ON OUR WEBSITE.

YOU CAN FIND US ONLINE AT pbs.org.

CAPTIONING MADE POSSIBLE BY FRIENDS OF NCI MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP"

IS PROVIDED BY...

[THUNDER]

[CAR ALARM BLARING]

WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE.

PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

ROY UNDERHILL IS THE AUTHOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S GUIDE: WORKING WOOD WITH WEDGE AND EDGE,"

AS WELL AS OTHER BOOKS ON TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING, ALL PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS

AND AVAILABLE AT BOOKSTORES AND LIBRARIES.